‎/CMG Philumenus

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Philumenus - On Venomous Animals and Their Remedies

Machine translated via punctuation, sentence by sentence.
Paragraphs and formatting arranged by Josh Schwartz
see also Pharmakon, Theriac

CORPUS OF GREEK MEDICAL WRITERS, PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE ASSOCIATED ACADEMIES OF BERLIN, COPENHAGEN, [AND] LEIPZIG, X 1.

PHILUMENUS ON VENOMOUS ANIMALS AND THEIR REMEDIES, THIRTY-SEVEN CHAPTERS, EDITED BY M. WELLMANN. LEIPZIG AND BERLIN, IN THE HOUSE OF B. G. TEUBNER, 1908.

PHILUMENUS ON VENOMOUS ANIMALS AND THEIR REMEDIES, EDITED FOR THE FIRST TIME FROM THE VATICAN CODEX BY MAXIMILIAN WELLMANN. LEIPZIG AND BERLIN, IN THE HOUSE OF B. G. TEUBNER, 1908.

PREFACE

When, in the early spring of the year 1907, I was examining the Pseudo-Dioscoridean codices in the Vatican Library at Rome, by a most fortunate chance there fell into my hands the Vatican Greek codex 284, which contains the hitherto unknown treatise of Philumenus, On Venomous Animals and the Remedies in Them. Already at that time, having inspected the discovery, I understood that this treatise was of the greatest importance, both for more correctly evaluating Philumenus's style of writing and for more accurately sketching the doctrine of the iologists. Thirteen years ago, in that book which is entitled Die pneumatische Schule bis auf Archigenes in ihrer Entwicklung dargestellt 129 sq.

I had conjectured that Philumenus the physician was either contemporary with Galen or lived shortly after his age, and that his resources, compiled from Soranus, Archigenes, Herodotus, and others, were plundered by Aetius, the most renowned physician of Amida.

This conjecture is outstandingly confirmed by my discovery.

For, to speak briefly of what I intend to treat more extensively elsewhere: the little book of Philumenus is the primary source of the thirteenth book of Aetius, chapters 1–44, in which the bites of harmful animals are treated with greater accuracy.

And likewise, both in the little book of Pseudo-Dioscorides On Venomous Animals, a most worthless compilation of about the seventh century, and in the fifth book (chapters 1–26) of Paul of Aegina's published compendium on medicine, traces appear so deeply impressed that they have been of great use to us for emending the words of Philumenus.

That little book has been preserved, as we have said, in a single Greek Vatican manuscript written in the eleventh century after Christ.

This manuscript, mutilated at the beginning and the end, just as it is distinguished by a very clear script, so was it written out by a certain unlearned scribe; it consists of 288 leaves (0.21 × 0.28), distributed by a hand s.

13th century, in 37 quaternions, with 31 or 32 lines on each page. The last two leaves are very badly worn, and there are added to the margin quite elegantly painted representations not only of plants but also of noxious animals; tables of contents of the chapters are prefixed to the individual books. Contained within are books VI–XI of Galen On the Temperament and Properties of Simple Medicines so patched together with the Dioscuridean books On Medical Material that those things which Galen omitted have been supplied from Dioscorides. There follow the book of Pseudo-Dioscorides On Poisonous Drugs and the little book of Philumenus. Which books, since they are all of the same subject matter—for they belong to that part of medicine which fights chiefly with drugs—one would suspect to have been joined into one corpus not by chance but by a definite plan. This suspicion is wonderfully supported by the preface prefixed both to the little book of Pseudo-Dioscorides and to that of Philumenus. Book XII of Dioscorides.

I deemed it necessary, having [not] contributed to the simples of Galen the properties and forms (eideas P) and of ointments and of wines from the 10 (and P) books of Dioscorides that had been omitted by Galen, for this reason to compile ⟨the⟩ 12th book of Dioscorides, a record along with the eleven books, according to the style of Dioscorides himself alone. Concerning the preface of the book of Philumenus, cf. p. 4, 2–4 of my edition. And so there existed someone who, intending to consult the benefit of physicians, established this medicinal collection, nor can there be any doubt that that redactor is distinct from an uncultivated scribe. Concerning the orthography of the codex, a few things must be advised. The faults of itacism are frequent; for the scribe confuses ει and ι, ε and αι, ι or ει and η, οι, ι and υ, ω and ο; he uses assimilation of consonants in συμμέλιτι, συμμελικράτω, συγχρόνω, more often he neglected it, as in συνλεάνας, συνπαθῶς, σύνμετρον, ἐνκατάσκηψις, a single ρ is found in ἐπιροφοῦντες, ἀπόρευσιν, ἐπιριπτομένη, he uses duplication of the λ sound in κωλλύει, καλλῶς, accents and breathings have been carelessly written;

The rough force of the breathing is softened and vice versa, as ὀπτή, ὀδύνη; more rarely the breathing is written with a double dot, as ϊδρῶς, ϊριδι, ϊκανοῦ, ϊοβώλων; in the middle of words, a breathing is more often added instead of an apostrophe: βοηθεῖ, διάφορεῖν, διάβοήτων, διόλέσαι, λεάνας. Movable nu is both omitted and placed even when a consonant letter follows. Iota is read neither as adscript nor as subscript. It uses these signs and abbreviations: % ἐστί, %% εἰσί, χ/ εἶναι, γ/ γάρ (once χ/), π/ παρά, πε/ or π̊ πρός, S καί, φη/ φησί, ἄλλ ἄλλο, ὥσπ, ὥσπερ, τ, ται, ϑ, σθαι, ϊ ιου, ω̈ ων, τ̈ τους. These things having been set forth, I shall speak concerning the method and plan of this edition. In which matter it must be pointed out that Philumenus was a compiler, who is wise not by his own intellect but by that of others: his little book depends almost entirely upon the resources of Apollonius Herophileus, Archigenes, Theodorus, Strato, and Soranus, that is, upon writers whose style we do not yet have sufficiently known.

But in truth, it is much more serious that that little book does not survive to us intact, but has been condensed and reduced into a narrower form by the editor of this medical collection, of whom I have spoken above, a fact which is proved not only by the heading: "Chapters on venomous animals and the remedies in them. From the writings of Philumenus," but can also be gathered from this, that Aetius, Paulus Aegineta, and Pseudo-Dioscorides, who it is certain made use of this book, sometimes possess more details, which cannot have been taken from another source, and at other times more complete statements (cf. note p. 12, 25. 23, 2. 24, 28. 31, 4. 36, 22. 39, more frequently). Since this is the case, you will concede that the task of editing is extremely difficult: for even if the hand of Philumenus shines through here and there, nevertheless we must despair of our ability to recover it intact.

Therefore, I have performed this duty in such a way that in lighter matters I have not hesitated to tread cautiously in the footsteps of the manuscript (for example, σκόρδα and σκόροδα, γεναμένη), nor do I fear that I may be censured because I have not departed from the trustworthiness of the manuscript even in dialectal forms (such as ῥέφανος alongside ῥάφανος, σκολοπένδρης, νάρκα alongside νάρκη, καλαμίνθα, ὑδροφόβα etc.). And yet you would not divine by how many faults the manuscript was defiled, unless other aids cried out its desperate condition. Of this kind are the excerpts which Aëtius of Amida compiled from this little book into his own work (book XIII 1—44). How often these have brought salutary aid to the corrupt words of the manuscript, and how often they have been of use to us for supplying those things which the scribe omitted, our notes bear witness. And since the thirteenth book of Aëtius has not yet obtained an editor, know that for revising it I have used these books: Laur. gr. 75, 18 s. XIV, Laur. gr. 75, 21 s. XIII, Marc. gr. s. XV.

VATICAN EXCERPTS OF PHILUMENUS ON VENOMOUS ANIMALS AND THEIR REMEDIES

SIGLA
P Vatican Greek codex of Philumenus
D Sprengel's edition of Pseudo-Dioscorides' On Venomous Animals; in addition, I have used codex Laurentianus 74, 23 (F), codex Scorialensis Σ I 17 (M), codex Marcianus Venetus 728 (V)
A Paul of Aegina's Seven Books, Basel edition Pr. Vatican Greek codex of Aelius Promotus' On Venomous Beasts Aet. Cornarius' edition of Aetius' Tetrabiblon
O Daremberg's edition of Oribasius
Th.Theophanis Nonni editio Bernardi:
𐅻 δραχμή,
𐆅 λίτρα,
𐆄 οὐγκία,
ξ̄ ξέστης,
κᵒ κοτύλη,
κᵘ κύαθος.

Κεφάλαια περὶ ἰοβόλων ζῴων καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς βοηθημάτων, ἐκ τῶν Φιλουμένου:

ā κυνὸς λυττῶντος σημεῖα·
β̄ θεραπεία κυνὸς λυττῶντος καὶ ἰοβόλων·
γ̄ περὶ καυτῆρος τῶν ἐπὶ ἰοβόλων τραυμάτων·
δ̄ περὶ διαίτης λυσσοδήκτων καὶ περὶ τῶν ἐν προλήψει γενομένων ὑδροφοβικῶν·
ε̄ περὶ κυνοδήκτων καὶ ἀνθρωποδήκτων·
Ϛ̄ θυμιάματα ἑρπετῶν·
ζ̄ συγχρίσματα πρὸς ἑρπετὰ καὶ πληξάντων θηρίων βοηθήματα·
η̄ τοῖς ἐκ θηρίων πληγῆς αἱμορραγοῦσιν·
θ̄ περὶ διαίτης καὶ θεραπείας·
ῑ ἀντίδοτοι θηριακαὶ καὶ ἔμπλαστροι ποιοῦσαι καὶ πρὸς ἄλλα·
ιᾱ περὶ σφηκῶν καὶ μελισσῶν·
ιβ̄ περὶ [μυῶν καὶ] μυιῶν καὶ κωνώπων καὶ ψύλλων·
ιγ̄ πρὸς ⟨ἀσ⟩καλαβώτου δῆγμα·
ιδ̄ σκορπίου πληγὴ καὶ περίαπτα πρὸς τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ ἀντιπαθῆ·
ιε̄ φαλαγγίων πόσα γένη καὶ βοηθήματα πρὸς τὰ αὐτά·
ιϚ̄ ἀσπίδων πόσαι διαφοραί·
ιζ̄ ἔχις καὶ ἔχιδνα·
ιη̄ κεράστης·
ιθ̄ πρηστῆρες καὶ ἕρπητες·
κ̄ διψὰς τὸ θηρίον·
κᾱ αἱμόρρους καὶ αἱμορροίς·
κβ̄ ἀμμοδύτης καὶ μύαγρος·
κγ̄ σὴψ τὸ ζῷον·
κδ̄ ὕδρος καὶ χέρσυδρος·
κε̄ δρύινος·
κϚ̄ κεγχρίνης ὁ καὶ ἀκοντίας·
κζ̄ ἀμφίσβαινα καὶ σκυτάλη·
κη̄ πελιὰς καὶ ἔλοψ·
κθ̄ ἀγαθοδαίμων καὶ τυφλίας·
λ̄ δράκων·
λᾱ βασιλίσκος·
λβ̄ παρῶος καὶ σπαθίουρος καὶ σκολόπενδρα·
λγ̄ μυγαλή·
λδ̄ Χαλ⟨κι⟩δικὴ σαῦρα καὶ σαλαμάνδρα·
λε̄ τετράγναθα ζῷα καὶ ἀράχναι·
λϚ̄ φρῦνος·
λζ̄ τρυγὼν θαλασσία καὶ σμύραινα.

The edition of Theophanes Nonnus by Bernard:

𐅻 drachma,
𐆅 litra,
𐆄 ounce,
ξ̄ xestes,
κᵒ kotyle,
κᵘ kyathos.

Chapters on venomous animals and the remedies for them, from the writings of Philumenus:

Signs of a mad dog;
Treatment of a mad dog and of venomous animals;
On the cautery of wounds from venomous animals;
On the regimen of those bitten by mad dogs and on those who have become hydrophobic in anticipation;
On those bitten by dogs and those bitten by humans;
Fumigations against reptiles;
Ointments against reptiles and remedies for those struck by wild beasts;
For those hemorrhaging from the blow of wild beasts;
On regimen and treatment;
Theriac antidotes and plasters effective also against other things;
On wasps and bees;
On [mice and] flies and gnats and fleas;
Against the bite of an ⟨as⟩kalabotes;
The sting of a scorpion, and amulets for the same, and antipathetic remedies; 15. How many kinds of venomous spiders there are, and remedies for them;
How many differences of asps there are;
Viper and female viper;
Horned viper;
Presteres and herpes-snakes;
The wild beast dipsas;
Haemorrhous and haemorrhois;
Ammodytes and myagros;
Seps the animal;
Hydros and chersydros;
Dryinos;
Kenchrines, which is also called akontias;
Amphisbaena and skytale;
Pelias and elops;
Agathodaemon and typhlias;
Drakon;
Basilisk;
Parōas and spathiouros and scolopendra;
Mygale;
Chalcidic lizard and salamander;
Four-jawed animals and spiders;
Toad;
Marine stingray and smyraina.

ΠΕΡΙ ΙΟΒΟΛΩΝ ΖΩΙΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΘΕΡΑΠΕΙΑΣ.

[γνήσιον καὶ ὠφέλιμον κατεφάνη μοι τοῦτο, τὸν περὶ λυσσῶντος κυνὸς καὶ ἰοβόλων ζῴων λόγον ἐκ παλαιῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐν ἑτέραις ἀναγεγραμμένον βίβλοις ἐν τῇδε προσθεῖναι [καὶ] τῇ βίβλῳ. καὶ ἔστιν ὅσδε.]

ᾱ κυνὸς λυσσῶντος σημεῖα καὶ τῶν ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ δεδηγμένων.

τὸν περὶ τῶν λυσσοδήκτων λόγον προετάξαμεν τῶν ἄλλων, ἐπειδὴ καὶ τὸ ζῷον πολύ τε καὶ σύνηθές ἐστι καὶ συνεχῶς ἁλίσκεται τῇ λύσσῃ καὶ δυσφύλακτον καθέστηκεν, καὶ ὁ ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ κίνδυνος χαλεπός, εἰ μὴ πολλοῖς χρήσαιτό τις τοῖς βοηθήμασιν. λυσσᾷ δὲ ὁ κύων ὡς τὸ πολὺ μὲν ἐν τοῖς σφοδροτάτοις καύμασιν, ἔσθ᾽ ὅτε δὲ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτεταμένοις κρύεσιν. λυσσήσας δὲ ἀποστρέφεται καὶ βρῶσιν καὶ πόσιν, καὶ φλέγμα πολὺ καὶ ἀφρῶδες ἐκ τοῦ στόματος καὶ τῶν ῥινῶν προβάλλει, καὶ πονηρὸν βλέπει καὶ στυγνότερός ἐστι τοῦ συνήθους· ἐφορμᾷ δὲ καὶ χωρὶς ὑλαγμοῦ πᾶσιν ὁμοίως, καὶ θηρίοις καὶ ἀνθρώποις συνήθεσί τε καὶ ἀγνώστοις, καὶ δακὼν παραχρῆμα μὲν οὐδὲν ὀχληρὸν ἐπιφέρει, πλὴν ὅσον ὀδύνην τὴν ἐκ τοῦ τραύματος, ὕστερον δὲ ἐμποιεῖ πάθος τὸ καλούμενον ὑδροφοβικόν. συμπίπτει δὲ μετὰ σπασμῶν <καὶ> παρακοπῆς καὶ ἐρυθήματος ὅλου τοῦ σώματος, μάλιστα δὲ τοῦ προσώπου, καὶ μετὰ ἀφιδρώσεως καὶ ἀπορίας. καὶ τινὲς μὲν τῶν ὑδροφοβιώντων φεύγουσι τὴν αὐγήν, τινὲς δὲ τρύχονται συνεχῶς· ἔνιοι δὲ καὶ ὑλακτοῦσιν, ὥσπερ κύνες, καὶ δάκνουσιν ἐπιόντες, καὶ δακόντες αἴτιοι τοῦ αὐτοῦ πάθους κατέστησαν. τῶν δὲ ἐμπεσόντων εἰς τὸν ὑδροφόβαν οὐδένα ἴσμεν περιγενόμενον, εἰ μὴ καθ’ ἱστορίαν παρειλήφαμεν ⟨ἕνα ἢ⟩ δεύτερον· καὶ γὰρ Εὔδημος περιγεγενῆσθαί τινά φησι, ⟨καὶ Θεμίσωνα⟩ οἱ μὲν λέγουσι τῷ πάθει δηχθέντα περιπεσεῖν καὶ σωθῆναι, οἱ δὲ φίλῳ ὑδροφοβιῶντι προσκαρτερήσαντα προθύμως καὶ συμπαθῶς εἰς τὴν ὁμοίαν ἐμπεσεῖν διάθεσιν καὶ πολλὰ κακοπαθήσαντα σωθῆναι. τὸ μὲν οὖν πάθος ἐστὶν ἀργαλέον, πρὸ δὲ τῆς καταπείρας αὐτοῦ πολλοὺς καὶ αὐτοὶ περιεσώσαμεν καὶ ὑπὸ ἄλλων ἰατρῶν σωθέντας ἔγνωμεν.

Signs of a rabid dog and of those bitten by it.

We have placed the discourse concerning those bitten by rabid dogs before the others, since the animal is both numerous and common, and is continually seized by rabies, and has become difficult to guard against, and the danger from it is severe, unless one should employ many remedies.

And the dog goes mad for the most part indeed in the most severe heatwaves, but sometimes also in intense cold spells. And having gone mad, he turns away from both food and drink, and casts forth much and frothy phlegm from his mouth and nostrils, and looks wickedly, and is more sullen than usual; and he rushes, even without barking, upon all alike, both wild beasts and humans, both familiar and unknown, and having bitten, at the moment indeed he brings on nothing troublesome, except only the pain from the wound, but later he produces the affection called hydrophobic. And it occurs with spasms delirium and redness of the whole body, but especially of the face, and with profuse sweating and distress. And some indeed of those suffering from hydrophobia flee the bright light, but others are continuously wasted away; and some also bark, just like dogs, and bite those who approach, and having bitten, they become the cause of the same affection. And of those who have fallen into hydrophobia, we know of no one who has survived, unless by way of history we have received account of a second;

For indeed Eudemus says that someone survived, ⟨and Themison⟩ some indeed say, having been bitten, fell into the disease and was saved, but others that, having attended zealously and compassionately to a friend suffering from hydrophobia, he fell into the same condition and, having suffered greatly, was saved. The disease, therefore, is indeed grievous, but before its full onset we ourselves also have saved many, and have known of those who were saved by other physicians.

β̄ θεραπεία κυνὸς λυσσῶντος.

τῆς θεραπείας ἡ μέν ἐστι κοινή, καὶ χρηστέον αὐτῇ ἐπὶ πάντων ⟨τῶν⟩ ὑπό τινος ⟨τῶν⟩ ἰοβόλων ζῴων δεδηγμένων, ἡ δέ τις ἰδία τῶν λυσσοδήκτων, τοὺς μὲν ἄκρως ὠφελεῖν εἰθισμένη, τοῖς δὲ ἀπὸ πολλοῦ δηχθεῖσιν ἀνάρμοστος. καὶ πρῶτόν γε ταύτην ἐκθέμενοι, μετὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὴν κοινὴν ἐπιτροχάσομεν. δεῖ τοίνυν καρκίνους ποταμίους ἐπὶ κληματίδος λευκῆς ἀμπέλου καῦσαι καὶ τὴν τέφραν αὐτῶν λειοτριβήσαντας ἔχειν [μὲν] ἀποκειμένην· ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ῥίζας γεντιανῆς ἀποθέσθαι κεκομμένας καὶ σεσησμένας. ὁπόταν δέ τις δηχθῇ ὑπὸ λυσσῶντος κυνός, εἰς οἴνου ἀκράτου κυάθους τρεῖς ἢ τέσσαρας ἐμπάσσειν δύο μὲν ⟨κοχλιάρια τῆς τῶν καρκίνων τέφρας, ἓν δὲ⟩ κοχλιάριον τῆς γεντιανῆς, ἐγκυκήσαντάς τε ὡς ἄλφιτον τῷ δεδηγμένῳ διδόναι πιεῖν ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας μέχρι τεσσαράκοντα ἡμερῶν· ἔστω δὲ ὁ οἶνος παλαιότερος μᾶλλον ἢ νεώτερος, καὶ εἴ τις πρὸς ψιλὸν τὸν ἄκρατον ἀθέτως ἔχοι, κεκράσθω ζωρότερον. ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς μὲν οὖν διδόμενον τὸ φάρμακον τοῦτον προσφερέσθω τὸν τρόπον. εἰ δὲ ἡμέραι παρέλθοιεν δύο ἢ καὶ τρεῖς ἀπὸ τῆς δήξεως, ἐγχειροῦντες τῇ θεραπείᾳ τριπλάσιον τῇ συμμετρίᾳ ποιήσαντες τὸ φάρμακον δώσομεν, τοῦ δὲ οἴνου τὸ προειρημένον μέτρον, ἔπειτα τῇ δευτέρᾳ καὶ τρίτῃ καὶ τετάρτῃ οὐκέτι τὸ τριπλάσιον, ἀλλ’ ὅσον ἐξ ἀρχῆς εἰρήκαμεν.

τὸ μὲν οὖν ἄριστον ἐπὶ τῶν λυσσοδήκτων βοήθημα, ὃ δὴ καὶ μόνον ἐνίοις ἤρκεσεν, τοῦτ’ ἔστιν, καὶ χρηστέον αὐτῷ μετὰ πεποιθήσεως. ἕνεκα δὲ τοῦ καὶ διὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἠσφαλίσθαι πρὸς ἄφευκτον εἶναι δοκοῦντα κίνδυνον, οὐδὲν τὸ κωλῦόν ἐστι καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς χρήσασθαι βοηθήμασιν· αἱρετώτερον γὰρ διακενῆς, ἂν οὕτω τύχῃ, τῶν βοηθημάτων τὸ ἀπάνθρωπον ὑπομεῖναι, ἢ διὰ τὴν ὀλιγωρίαν κινδύνῳ περιπεσεῖν. οὐχ οὕτως δὲ εὐλαβητέον τὰ μεγάλα τραύματα ἐπὶ τῶν λυσσοδήκτων, ὡς τὰ μικρὰ καὶ ταῖς ἀμυχαῖς ἐμφερῆ· διὰ μὲν γὰρ τῶν μειζόνων ἁθροῦν καὶ πολὺ τὸ αἷμα προχεόμενον δύναιτ’ ἄν τις καὶ τοῦ ἰοῦ συναποκλύζειν, διὰ δὲ τῶν μικροτέρων οὐδαμῶς· ὅθεν ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν μειζόνων τὰς ἀφισταμένας σάρκας αὐτόθεν ἀφαιρετέον καὶ τὰ χείλη περιγλυπτέον, ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν μικροτέρων μείζονα τόπον διὰ τῆς ἀκμῆς περιγραπτέον· ἀνασταθείσης ⟨δὲ⟩ δηλονότι τῆς σαρκὸς ἀγκίστρῳ ἢ μυδίῳ τὴν ἐκτομὴν ἐπιτελεστέον. ἐπὶ ἀμφοτέρων δὲ τὰ ἐν κύκλῳ βαθυτέραις ἀμυχαῖς κατασχαστέον, ὅπως ἡ τοῦ αἵματος φορὰ πλουσιωτέρα γεναμένη ἐναντιωθῇ τῇ εἴσω τοῦ ἰοῦ διαδύσει. πολὺ δ’ ἂν καὶ ἡ σικύα κολληθεῖσα μετὰ πολλῆς φλογὸς παράσχοι ὄφελος, ὥστε ταῖς ὕλαις ὁμοῦ καὶ τὴν φθοροποιὸν ἑλκύσαι δύναμιν.

Treatment of a rabid dog.

Of the treatment, one part indeed is common, and it must be used upon all ⟨of those⟩ having been bitten by any ⟨of the⟩ venomous animals, and another is specific to those bitten by rabid dogs, being accustomed to benefit some indeed exceedingly, but being unsuitable for those having been bitten long ago. And having first indeed set this forth, after this we shall also run over the common one. It is necessary therefore to burn river crabs upon a twig of a white vine and, having finely ground their ash, to keep [indeed] stored away; and likewise also to store away roots of gentian, having been pounded and sifted.

And whenever anyone is bitten by a rabid dog, one must sprinkle into three or four cyathi of unmixed wine, on the one hand, two ⟨spoonfuls of the ash of crabs, and on the other hand, one⟩ spoonful of gentian, and having stirred it in like barley-groats, give it to the bitten person to drink from the first day up to forty days; and let the wine be older rather than newer, and if anyone should be ill-disposed toward the plain unmixed wine, let it be mixed stronger. Therefore, when the medicine is given from the beginning, let it be administered in this manner. But if two or even three days should pass from the bite, when undertaking the treatment we shall give the medicine having made it threefold in proportion, but of the wine, the aforementioned measure, then on the second and third and fourth day no longer the threefold amount, but as much as we have stated from the beginning. This, therefore, is the best remedy for those bitten by rabid dogs, which indeed even alone has sufficed for some, and one must use it with confidence.

⟨γ̄⟩ περὶ καυτῆρος τῶν ἐπὶ ἰοβόλων τραυμάτων.

ἡ δὲ καῦσις [τὸ] ἀνυσιμώτατον ἐπὶ πάντων ⟨τῶν⟩ ἰοβόλων ἐστὶ βοήθημα· τὸ γὰρ πῦρ, πάσης τῆς ἄλλης δυνάμεως εὐτονώτερον ὑπάρχον, ὁμοῦ μὲν κρατεῖ καὶ κωλύει φέρεσθαι τὸν ἰὸν ἐσωτέρω, ὁμοῦ δὲ ἀναλίσκει τὸ κρατηθὲν αὐτοῦ μέρος, τῇ δ’ ἑξῆς θεραπείᾳ προκαταβολὴν οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν ἐργάζεται, παραμενούσης τῆς ἑλκώσεως ἐπὶ πλέον μετὰ τὴν ἔκπτωσιν τῆς ἐσχάρας· ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα δὲ καὶ τούτου φροντιστέον, ὅπως μὴ τάχιον τῶν τεσσαράκοντα ἡμερῶν αἱ οὐλαὶ συγκλεισθεῖεν, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ πολὺ τὰς ἑλκώσεις τηρητέον, εἰ οἷόν τε, καὶ ἐπιφλεγμαινούσας καὶ ἐπιρρυπαινομένας. παρέξει δὲ αὐταῖς τὸ τοιοῦτο τάριχος δριμύτατος ἐπιτιθέμενος, καὶ σκορόδων ἄγλιθες λελειοτριβημέναι.

μέναι, κρόμμυά τε ὡσαύτως, καὶ ὀπὸς μάλιστα μὲν ὁ Κυρηναικὸς ἢ ὁ Μηδικὸς ἢ ὁ Παρθικός. καὶ κόκκοι δὲ πυρῶν ἐπιτιθέσθωσαν, καὶ μεμασημένοι μὲν καὶ ἀμάσητοι· διαφυσώμενοι γὰρ ὑπὸ τῆς βροχῆς ἀνευρύνουσιν τὰ τραύματα. τινὲς δὲ οἴονται τοὺς μεμασημένους ἀντιπαθές τι ἔχειν ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν διαμασησαμένων νηστείας· οὐ μὴν τοῦτο βέβαιόν ἐστιν, ἀλλ’ ἑκατέρως αὐτοῖς χρηστέον. εἰ δ’ ὅπερ γίνεται πλειστάκις αἱ οὐλαὶ συνερχόμεναι φθάνοιεν πρὸ τῶν τεσσαράκοντα ἡμερῶν, διὰ χειρὸς αὐτὰς ἀναξαίνειν προσήκει, περικαρκίζοντας καὶ ἐντέμνοντας καὶ ἐπικαίοντας πάλιν, ἐὰν οὕτω τύχῃ· καὶ ἐκ τρίτου τε καὶ τετάρτου τὰ αὐτὰ ποιητέον. παρελθούσης δὲ τῆς ὡρισμένης προθεσμίας, ἀφετέον μὲν ἀπουλωθῆναι τοῖς ἕλκεσιν, ἐμπλάστρῳ δὲ τῇ διὰ τῶν ἁλῶν ὅλον τὸν τόπον καταληπτέον· μετ’ ὀλίγας δὲ ἡμέρας καὶ σιναπιστέον.

On the cautery of wounds from venomous beasts.

And cauterization is [the] most effective remedy for all ⟨of the⟩ venomous beasts; for fire, being more vigorous than all other power, on the one hand masters and prevents the venom from being carried further inward, and on the other hand consumes the mastered part of it, and for the subsequent treatment it produces no ordinary preparation, since the ulceration remains for a longer time after the falling off of the eschar; and among the most important things, care must also be taken of this, that the scars should not be closed up more quickly than forty days, but the ulcerations must be kept open for a long time, if possible, both being inflamed and being kept discharging. And very pungent salt-fish being applied will provide such a thing to them, and cloves of garlic ground smooth. [ground], and onions likewise, and juice, especially the Cyrenaic or the Median or the Parthian. And let grains of wheat also be applied, both chewed and unchewed;

For, being distended by the moisture, they widen the wounds. And some think that the chewed substances have a certain antipathetic property from the fasting of those who chewed them; yet this is not certain, but one must use them in either way. And if, which happens most often, the scars coming together should close prematurely before forty days, it is fitting to tear them open manually, scraping around, making incisions, and cauterizing again, if it should so happen; and the same things must be done both for a third and a fourth time. And when the appointed time-limit has passed, one must indeed allow the wounds to scar over, but the whole area must be covered with the plaster made of salts; and after a few days a mustard plaster must also be applied. On the regimen of those bitten by mad dogs. And it is necessary that the regimen also aim at opposition to the poison, in order that at the same time it may on the one hand blunt and quench its power, and on the other hand prevent its course into the depth; For, being checked, they already resist the infiltration of the destructive power. And the drinking of unmixed or stronger wine and of sweet [wine] ⟨and⟩ milk is able to provide each of these;

For all these things, taking a swift impulse toward the surface, resist the venom and neutralize all its pungency; and likewise also the eating of garlic, onions, and leeks; and indeed these things, and in general those that are difficult to alter and difficult to dissipate—for their qualities persist for several days—are neither overcome nor altered by the destructive power, but on the contrary are naturally disposed to master it. And for this purpose there is also need of antidotes, just as of the theriac, and of the so-called Eupatorian, and of the Mithridatic, and of every other which has received its composition from several aromatics; for all aromatics are by nature difficult to alter, both in their powers and in their substances, wherefore they master the [venoms] in the bodies. Such indeed is also the method of regimen.

δʹ Περὶ διαίτης λυσσοδήκτων.

δεῖ δὲ καὶ τὴν δίαιταν ἐστοχάσθαι τῆς πρὸς τὸν ἰὸν ἐναντιώσεως, ἵνα ὁμοῦ μὲν ἀμβλύνῃ καὶ σβεννύῃ τὴν δύναμιν αὐτοῦ, ὁμοῦ δὲ κωλύῃ τὴν εἰς τὸ βάθος φοράν· καταλαμβανόμενα γὰρ ἀντιπίπτει ἤδη τῇ παρεισδύσει τῆς φθοροποιοῦ δυνάμεως. δύναται δὲ τούτων ἑκάτερον παρέχειν οἴνου ἀκράτου ἢ ζωροτέρου πόσις καὶ γλυκέος ⟨καὶ⟩ γάλακτος· ὁρμὴν γὰρ ταῦτα πάντα ὀξεῖαν λαμβάνοντα πρὸς τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν ἀνθίσταται τῷ ἰῷ καὶ πᾶσαν αὐτοῦ τὴν δριμύτητα ἐκλύει· ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ σκορόδων καὶ κρομμύων καὶ πράσων ἐδωδή· καὶ ταῦτα δὲ καὶ τὸ ὅλον τὰ δυσμετάβλητα καὶ δυσεξίτηλα — παραμένουσι γὰρ αὐτῶν αἱ ποιότητες ἐπὶ πλείους ἡμέρας — οὐ κατανικᾶται οὐδὲ τρέπεται ὑπὸ τῆς φθοροποιοῦ δυνάμεως, ἐκ δὲ τῶν ἐναντίων κρατεῖν αὐτῆς πέφυκεν. εἰς τοῦτο δὲ καὶ τῶν ἀντιδότων ἐστὶ χρεία, καθάπερ τῆς θηριακῆς καὶ τῆς Εὐπατορίου λεγομένης καὶ τῆς Μιθριδατείου καὶ πάσης ἄλλης, ἥτις ἐκ πλειόνων ἀρωμάτων εἴληφεν τὴν σύστασιν· δυσμετάβλητα γὰρ φύσει πάντα τὰ ἀρώματα καὶ ταῖς δυνάμεσι καὶ ταῖς οὐσίαις, διόπερ κρατεῖ τῶν ἐν τοῖς σώμασιν ⟨ἰῶν⟩. τοιοῦτος μὲν καὶ ὁ τῆς διαίτης τρόπος.

περὶ τῶν ἐν προλήψει γεγονότων ὑδροφόβων ἀπὸ λυσσοδήκτων. δεῖ δὲ γινώσκειν ὅτι ἡ τοῦ ὑδροφοβικοῦ πάθους ἐγκατάσκηψις οὐ μίαν οὐδὲ ὡρισμένην ἔχει προθεσμίαν· ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖστον γὰρ περὶ τὴν τεσσαρακοστὴν ἡμέραν εἴωθεν τοῖς ἀμεληθεῖσιν ἐμπίπτειν, ἤδη δὲ καὶ δι’ ἓξ μηνῶν ἐνίοις ἀπήντησεν καὶ δι’ ἐνιαυτοῦ· καὶ ταῦτα καὶ ἡμῖν ἑώραται. ἱστοροῦσι δέ τινες μετὰ ἑπταετίαν ἐνίους ἁλῶναι τῷ πάθει. κατὰ μὲν οὖν τὰς ἀρχὰς τῶν λυσσοδήκτων ἡ θεραπεία δεδήλωται. ἐὰν δὲ δι’ οἱασδηποτοῦν αἰτίας ἐν ταῖς πρώταις ἡμέραις μὴ παραληφθῇ τὰ προειρημένα βοηθήματα, τὸ μὲν περικαρκίζειν τε καὶ καίειν παραλειπτέον· μάταιον γὰρ ἱκανῶς τὸ παρεληλυθὸς εἰς τὸ βάθος μετάγειν πειρᾶσθαι· οὐδεμία γὰρ ὄνησις τῆς ἐπιβολῆς, ἀλλὰ διακενῆς τὰ σώματα ταῖς ὀδύναις ὑποβληθήσεται. τρόπος δὲ ἕτερος τῆς θεραπείας εἰσαγέσθω, ὥστε κάθαρσιν καὶ μετασύγκρισιν ἐργάσασθαι τοῖς σώμασιν· συμμεταποιήσει γὰρ τὴν ἕξιν κενοῦσα. διδόσθω δὲ ἡ διὰ τῆς κολοκυνθίδος ἱερά, καὶ τὸ γάλα δὲ τὸ σχιστόν, ὁμοῦ μὲν κάθαρσιν καὶ ἐπίκρασιν παρέχειν δυνάμενον, αἵ τε δριμυφαγίαι καὶ ἡ τοῦ ἀκράτου πόσις παραλαμβανέσθωσαν καθ’ ἡμέραν, ἀμβλύνειν δυνάμενα τὸν ἰόν, καὶ πρὸς τούτοις ἱδρωτοποιία καὶ πρὸ τροφῆς καὶ μετὰ τροφήν, δρωπακισμοί τε καὶ σιναπισμοὶ κατὰ μέρος ἐφ’ ὅλου τοῦ σώματος. πάντων δὲ ἀνυσιμώτατος ἐπ’ αὐτῶν ὁ ἐλλέβορός μοι ἐγνώσθη, καὶ χρηστέον τεθαρρηκότως τῷ βοηθήματι, καὶ οὐχ ἅπαξ οὐδὲ δὶς ἀλλὰ καὶ πλεονάκις πρὸ τῆς τεσσαρακοστῆς ἡμέρας καὶ μετὰ ταύτην. τοσαύτην δὲ ἰσχὺν προσφέρεται τὸ βοήθημα τοῦτο, ὥστε καὶ τῶν ἤδη συνηρπασμένων ὑπὸ τοῦ ὑδροφοβικοῦ περισωθῆναί τινας, λαβόντας τὸν ἐλλέβορον εὐθὺς ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ καταπειρασμῷ τοῦ συμπτώματος· τοὺς γὰρ ἤδη κατεσχημένους οὔτε οὗτος οὔτε ἄλλο τι περιποιῆσαι δύναται.πρὸς ὑδροφόβας τὸ διὰ πυτίας. πυτίας λαγωοῦ, Λημνίας σφραγῖδος, ἀρκευθίδων, γεντιανῆς ἀνὰ 𐅵 δ, δαφνίδων, σμύρνης ἀνὰ 𐅵 η ἀναλάμβανε μέλιτι. ἡ δόσις κυάμου Αἰγυπτίου τὸ μέγεθος.ἄλλο· ἐξέραμα κυνὸς ἄρας ξήρανον καὶ λεάνας θὲς ἐν πυξίδι καὶ χρῶ ὡς καλλίστῳ πρὸς λυσσοδήκτους θαρρῶν.ἐκ τοῦ Θεοδώρου· τοῖς δεδηγμένοις ὑπὸ κυνὸς λελυσσηκότος περίαπτε χαμελαίας ῥίζαν.
Θαυμαστῷ χρῶ. ἄλλο πρὸς λυσσοδήκτους ὥστε μὴ ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς τὸ ὑδροφοβικὸν πάθος· ἀφρὸς ὁ δηχθεῖς τὴν ἰδίαν σκιὰν θεωρῶν, ὡς ἔθος ἐπὶ ὑγιαινόντων, οὐ μὴ ληφθῇ τῷ πάθει. πρόγνωσις τοῦ πάσχοντος, εἰ ζήσεται. ποίησον αὐτὸν ἀτενίσαι εἰς κάτοπτρον, καὶ ἐὰν ἑαυτὸν ἐπιγνῷ, ζήσεται· ἐὰν δὲ μή, οὔ· τοῦτο ἀπαράβατον. ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ξ̄γ Θεοδώρου κυνοδηκτικὴ Κράτητος, δι’ ἧς δοκιμασίας ἐν τῇ θεραπείᾳ εὑρίσκεται ὁ ἰὸς ἐν τῷ οὔρῳ τοῦ δηχθέντος· ἰοῦ ξυστοῦ, ἁλὸς ἀνὰ ℈ δ, στέατος μοσχείου ℈ ιβ καθ’ ἓν καὶ ὁμόσε τρίψας χρῶ, ἐμπάσσων εἰς σπληνίον. φύλασσε δὲ τοῦ κάμνοντος τὸ οὖρον ἐν ὑαλίνῳ ἀγγείῳ καὶ εὑρήσεις ἐν αὐτῷ τὴν πεῖραν τοῦ φαρμάκου.

Concerning those who, in anticipation, are [at risk of becoming] hydrophobic from the bites of rabid dogs.

And one must know that the onset of the hydrophobic disease has neither one nor a fixed time-limit; For for the most part it is accustomed to fall upon those having been neglected around the fortieth day, and already indeed it has also occurred to some after six months and after a year; and these things have also been seen by us. And some record that after seven years some have been seized by the disease. On the one hand, therefore, during the initial stages of those bitten by a mad dog, the treatment has been set forth. But if through any cause whatsoever in the first days the aforementioned remedies should not be employed, on the one hand, both the scarifying and the cauterizing must be omitted; for it is sufficiently vain to attempt to draw back that which has penetrated into the depth; for there is no benefit of the application, but in vain the bodies will be subjected to the pains. And let another method of the treatment be introduced, so as to effect evacuation and metasyncrisis in the bodies; for, evacuating, it will jointly transform the constitution.

And let the sacred remedy prepared with colocynth be administered, and also whey, which is able to provide at the same time both purgation and tempering; and let both the eating of acrid foods and the drinking of unmixed wine be employed daily, being able to blunt the venom; and in addition to these, the promotion of sweat both before food and after food, and both dropacisms and sinapisms applied part by part over the whole of the body. But of all remedies in these cases, hellebore has been recognized by me as the most effective, and one must use this remedy confidently, and not once nor twice but even more frequently, both before the fortieth day and after it. And this remedy displays such great power that even some of those already seized by the hydrophobic disease have been saved, having taken the hellebore immediately at the first onset of the symptom; for those already held fast, neither this nor anything else is able to save. For hydrophobic patients, the remedy prepared with rennet. Of hare's rennet, Lemnian earth, juniper berries, gentian, 4 drachms each; of bayberries, myrrh, 8 drachms each; take up with honey. The dose is the size of an Egyptian bean. Another:

Having taken up the vomit of a dog, dry [it], and having pulverized [it], place [it] in a pyxis and use [it] with confidence as an excellent [remedy] for those bitten by a mad dog. From the [writings] of Theodorus: for those having been bitten by a rabid dog, bind around [them] the root of chamaelaia. Use [it] as a wonderful [remedy]. Another [remedy] for those bitten by a mad dog, so as not to fall into the hydrophobic condition: foam: the one having been bitten, beholding his own shadow, as is the custom in the case of healthy people, shall by no means be seized by the condition. Prognosis of the sufferer, whether he will live: make him gaze into a mirror, and if he recognizes himself, he will live; but if not, [he will] not; this is infallible. And from the 63rd [chapter] of Theodorus, the [remedy] for dog-bites of Crates, through which testing in the treatment the venom is found in the urine of the one having been bitten: of scraped verdigris, of salt, ℈ 4 of each; of calf's tallow, ℈ 12; having ground [them] individually and together, use [it], sprinkling [it] onto a compress. And keep the urine of the patient in a glass vessel, and you will find in it the proof of the medicine. 5. On those bitten by dogs and those bitten by humans. Archigenes in the 5th book of the Medicines According to Genus thus:

And for those bitten by humans, having first anointed them with oil, and having ground fennel root with honey, use this until the ulcer is cleansed; then, having taken up equal parts of myrrh and turpentine resin, apply it as an emollient; or, having taken up burnt copperas with boiled honey, insert it as a collyrium, and having thus thoroughly cleansed it, glue it together.

And from the writings of Straton: having burnt calf bones until they become white, take them up with liquid pitch or honey or both, and insert it.

Another: having ground frankincense dust with oil and wine, apply as a poultice.

ε̄ περὶ κυνοδήκτων καὶ ἀνθρωποδήκτων.

᾿Αρχιγένης ἐν τῷ ε̄ βιβλίῳ τῶν Κατὰ γένος φαρμάκων οὕτως· τοὺς δὲ ἀνθρωποδήκτους προχρίσας ἐλαίῳ μαράθρου ῥίζαν λειώσας μετὰ μέλιτος, ἄχρι ἂν καθαρθῇ τὸ ἕλκος, χρῶ, εἶτα σμύρναν καὶ τερεβινθίνην ἴσα ἀναλαβὼν ὡς μάλαγμα ἐπιτίθει· ἢ χάλκανθον κεκαυμένην μέλιτι ἑφθῷ ἀναλαβὼν ὡς κουλλύριον ἐντίθει, καὶ οὕτως ἀνακαθάρας παρακόλλα. ἐκ δὲ τοῦ Στράτωνος· ὀστέα μόσχεια καύσας, ἕως λευκὰ γένηται, ἀναλάμβανε πίσσῃ ὑγρᾷ ἢ μέλιτι ἢ ἀμφοτέροις καὶ ἐντίθει. ἄλλο· μάννην λεάνας μετ’ ἐλαίου καὶ οἴνου κατάπλασσε. περὶ κυνοδήκτων. ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν κυνοδήκτων εὐθέως μὲν καταρραίνων ὄξος πλατείᾳ τῇ χειρὶ τύπτε τὸ δῆγμα, εἶτα νίτρον μετ’ ὄξους τρίψας κατακρούνιζε ἄνωθεν, εἶτα ὀρόβινον ἄλευρον φυράσας ἐλαίῳ ἐπιτίθει, ἢ σπόγγον καινὸν ἢ ἔριον οἰσυπηρὸν ὄξει καὶ ἐλαίῳ βεβρεγμένον, ἢ καινὸν σπόγγον ὕδατι ψυχρῷ βρέξας ἢ ὀξυκράτῳ ἢ ὄξει ἡμέρας τρεῖς ἔασον ἐπικεῖσθαι, καταβρέχων τοῖς ἄνω εἰρημένοις· ἐξόχως γὰρ ποιεῖ καὶ εἰς τέλος ἀφυγιάζει. πρὸς δὲ τὰ ἤδη πεπυωμένα τῶν δηγμάτων ὀρόβινον ἄλευρον μέλιτι φυράσας ἐπιτίθει· ἄκρως ποιεῖ. Ἐκ τῶν ᾿Απολλωνίου Εὐπορίστων· πρὸς δὲ τὰ φλεγμαίνοντα τῶν δηγμάτων λιθάργυρον λειάνας μεθ᾽ ὕδατος κατάχριε, ἢ φακῷ ἑφθῷ λείῳ κατάπλασσε. κέχρησο δὲ καὶ ἐνδείᾳ καὶ κενώσει καὶ ἀκινησίᾳ τοῦ δεδηγμένου μέρους, ἢ τάριχον ὃν ἐὰν σχῇς μάλιστα παλαιὸν λειώσας κατάπλασσε. τοῦτο ἐνεργέστερόν ἐστι παντὸς ἄλλου φαρμάκου κατ᾽ ἐξοχήν. ὁ δὲ καθηγητὴς ἐνεργέστερον ποιῶν καὶ σκόροδα συνέλαιεν. πρὸς οὖν κυνόδηκτα καὶ ἀνθρωπόδηκτα ἅλας λεῖον σὺν μέλιτι κατάπλασσε, ἄχρις οὗ πλήρη ᾖ. τινὲς δὲ καὶ κρόμμυον προσμίγουσιν καὶ ὄξους καὶ οὕτως χρῶνται. αὐτοῖς δὲ τούτοις τοῖς βοηθήμασιν χρηστέον καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀνθρωποδήκτων· ταῦτα γὰρ ἁρμόζει πρὸς τὰς ἑκατέρων διαθέσεις. ἐκ δὲ τῶν Θεοδώρου· ὑὸς κόπρον κατακαύσας καὶ ἀναλύσας ἐλαίῳ ἐπιτίθει· ἐμοὶ δὲ δοκεῖ καὶ πράσον τούτῳ μίσγειν. ἄλλο· ἄνηθον ξηρὸν κατακαύσας πλήρωσον τὸ δῆγμα, καὶ πεμπταῖον λύσας εὑρήσεις καθαρόν. ἄλλο· φύλλα κράμβης, ἰὸν χαλκοῦ, πήγανον καὶ ἅλας ἐπιτίθει.

On those bitten by dogs.

And in the case of those bitten by dogs, immediately, on the one hand, sprinkling vinegar, slap the bite with the flat of the hand; then, having rubbed soda with vinegar, pour it down from above; then, having kneaded bitter-vetch flour with oil, apply it, or a new sponge or greasy wool soaked in vinegar and oil; or, having soaked a new sponge in cold water or oxycrate or vinegar, allow it to lie upon it for three days, drenching it with the aforementioned liquids; for it acts excellently and restores to complete health.

And for those of the bites that are already suppurated, having kneaded bitter-vetch flour with honey, apply it; it is highly effective.

From the Easily Procured Remedies of Apollonius: and for those of the bites that are inflamed, having ground litharge smooth with water, smear it over, or plaster it over with boiled, smooth lentil. And make use of both restriction of diet and evacuation and immobility of the bitten part, or, having ground smooth whatever salt-fish you may have, especially if it is old, plaster it over. This is preeminently more effective than any other remedy. And the teacher, making it more effective, also ground up garlic with it. Therefore, for dog-bites and human-bites, plaster over smooth salt with honey, until they are filled up. And some also mix in onion and vinegar, and use it thus. And these very remedies must also be used in the case of human-bites; for these are suitable for the conditions of both. And from the writings of Theodorus: having thoroughly burned pig's dung and dissolved it in oil, apply it; and it seems to me good to also mix leek with this. Another: having thoroughly burned dry dill, fill the bite, and having unbound it on the fifth day, you will find it clean. Another: apply cabbage leaves, verdigris, rue, and salt.

Ϛ΄. Θυμιάματα ἑρπετῶν.

ἐκ τῶν ᾿Αρχιγένους· ὁπλαὶ αἰγῶν καὶ τρίχες θυμιώμεναι πόρρωθεν· ἀναστέλλεται γὰρ τὰ ἑρπετὰ τῇ τούτων ὀσμῇ. σύνθετον θυμίαμα Φιλίνου τοῦ θηριακοῦ· χαλβάνης, κάχρυος τῆς ῥίζης, κέρατος ἐλαφείου, μελανθίου ἀνὰ ℥ ᾱ. λεάνας πάντα ἀναλάμβανε ὄξει, ποιῶν τροχίσκους. ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς χρείας ἀποβρέξας εἰς ἔλαιον θυμία κατὰ μέσον τῆς οἰκίας, ἐὰν δὲ ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ ᾖς, κατὰ μέσον τῆς κοίτης. ἄλλο· χαλβάνης, στέατος ἰχνεύμονος ἀνὰ ℥ ᾱ τήξας ἀπόθου· ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς χρείας θυμίασον ὁμοίως. ἄλλο Αἰγύπτιον· γῆρας ἀσπίδος βρέξας εἰς ἔλαιον θυμία ἐγγὺς τῶν φωλεῶν καὶ εὐθέως ἀναβήσονται. ἄλλο καταφέρον καὶ σκορπίους καὶ πᾶν ἑρπετὸν ἀπελαῦνον ἐξ οἰκίας· χαλβάνην, σανδαράκην, βούτυρον, βρυωνίαν, στέαρ αἴγειον ἐξ ἴσου θυμία.

Fumigations against reptiles.

From the writings of Archigenes:
Hooves of goats and hairs, being fumigated, [drive them] far off; for the creeping things are driven back by the odor of these. Compound fumigant of Philinus the theriacologist: of galbanum, of the root of cachrys, of hartshorn, of black cumin, one ounce of each. Having ground all [these] smooth, take [them] up with vinegar, making lozenges. And at the time of use, having steeped [them] in oil, fumigate in the middle of the house, but if you are in the open air, in the middle of the bed. Another: having melted of galbanum, of the fat of an ichneumon, one ounce of each, store [it] away; and at the time of use, fumigate likewise. Another Egyptian [remedy]: having soaked the sloughed skin of an asp in oil, fumigate near the dens, and they will come up immediately. Another, bringing down even scorpions and driving out every creeping thing from a house: fumigate galbanum, sandarac, butter, bryony, goat's fat, in equal parts.

ζ̅ συγχρίσματα πρὸς ἑρπετά.

συγχριέσθω δὲ τὸ σωμάτιον ἐλαίῳ, ἐν ᾧ κέδροι συγκεκομμέναι χλωραὶ προεβλήθησαν ἢ ἀρκευθίδες ἢ κόνυζα ἢ πευκέδανον ἢ σίλφιον ἢ ἐλελίσφακον ἢ μαλάχη ἀγρία ἢ ἀβρότονον ἢ καρδάμωμον ἢ ἀσφοδέλου ἢ δαύκου καρπὸς ἢ χαλβάνη, καὶ ὀπῷ πευκεδάνου ἢ μυελῷ ἐλαφείῳ μετ’ ὄξους ἀνειμένῳ ἢ ὀξελαίῳ ἢ τοῖς ἐκ τούτων συντεθεῖσι. πρὸς δὲ πᾶν θηρίον καθολικῶς· τὸ ἑκάστου στέαρ συναλειφόμενον φυγαδεύει ἀπὸ τῆς ὀσμῆς τὸ συγγενές, ὡς καὶ κύων ὀσφρανθεῖς τοῦ ἰδίου κρότωνος τεθλασμένου φεύγει ταχέως.

πληξάντων θηρίων βοηθήματα· ἐὰν δὲ ἄρα συμβῇ πληγῆναί τινα ὑπό τινος θηρίου, κούφου μένοντος τοῦ ἰοῦ, καταντλήσεις διὰ θερμοῦ ὕδατος ἢ ὀξυκράτου καὶ ἐκμυζήσεις. δεῖ δὲ μὴ ἄσιτον εἶναι τὸν ἐκμυζῶντα, ἀλλ’ εἰληφέναι τροφὴν καὶ διακεκλύσθαι οἴνῳ· ἔπειτα ἐλαίου βραχὺ ἐν τῷ στόματι κατέχων οὕτως τὴν ἐκμύζησιν ποιείτω. δεῖ δὲ προσέχειν μὴ τὸ στόμα ἢ οἱ ὀδόντες ἢ τὰ παρίσθια τοῦ μέλλοντος ἐκμυζᾶν ἔχουσί τινα βλάβην. μετὰ τοῦτο δὲ τέφρα μετ’ ὄξους καταχριομένη ὀνίνησιν, μάλιστα δὲ ἡ ἐκ συκίνων ξύλων ἢ δαφνίνων ἢ ἀμπελίνων, εἰ δὲ μή, τὴν παροῦσαν πρόσεχε, σπουδάζων ὡσότι μάλιστα φλεγμονὴν μὴ ἐγεῖραι. σφοδροτέρου δὲ ὄντος τοῦ πλήγματος καὶ κατασχασμῷ χρηστέον· βαθυτέρας δὲ ἐμβάλλειν τὰς ἀμυχὰς προσήκει. χρῆσθαι δὲ καὶ σικύαις, ὅπως τὴν ὕλην ἐκ βάθους ἀναλαμβάνῃ· καὶ περισαρκισμὸς δὲ καὶ ἐκτομὴ πλουσιώτερον κατασχασμοῦ βοηθοῦσιν, περὶ δὲ καύσεως ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν λυσσοδήκτων προειρήκαμεν. εἰ δὲ εὐφυῶς ἔχει πρὸς ἀποκοπὴν τὸ μέρος τὸ δεδηγμένον, μάλιστα ἐπὶ πάντων θηρίων ἀνενδοιάστως τὸν ἀκρωτηριασμὸν ποιητέον, ὡς ἐπὶ ἀσπίδος καὶ κεράστου καὶ τῶν ὁμοιοτρόπων.

ἐπιτιθέσθω δὲ τάριχος λεῖος, πράσα τε καὶ κρόμμυα καὶ σκόροδα, ποτὲ μὲν λειοτριβηθέντα καταπλασσέσθω, ποτὲ δὲ καέντα προσβαλλέσθω τοῖς δήγμασιν· ἢ ὄρνιθας ἀνασχίζοντας περιπτύσσειν τῷ πεπληγότι τόπῳ· πρὸς γὰρ τὴν τοῦ ζῴου θερμασίαν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἐκ τοῦ δεδηγμένου μέρους ὁρμὴν λαμβάνον συνεξάγει τὸν ἰόν· καὶ πήγανόν τε καὶ καλαμίνθη καταπλασσόμενα ὠφελεῖ, καὶ σκόροδα μεθ’ ἁλός, καὶ σπύραθοι αἰγός. ἄκρως δὲ ποιεῖ πρὸς παντὸς ἰοβόλου δῆγμα χωρὶς ἀσπίδος ἄσβεστος μετ’ ἐλαίου καὶ μέλιτος εἰς κηρωτῆς πάχος ἐπιτιθεμένη μέχρις ἐσχαρώσεως, ἢ ἅλας λεάνας ἀναλαβὼν πίσσῃ ὑγρᾷ κατάπλασσε.

ἔγνωμεν δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς Αἰγύπτου τοιοῦτόν τι γιγνόμενον· ὁπόταν οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι θερίζωσιν, χύτραν ἔχουσιν κατεσκευασμένην πίσσης ζεούσης καὶ σφήκωμα προσηρτημένον τῇ χύτρᾳ. ἐπειδὰν οὖν δηχθῇ τις εἰς κνήμην ἢ εἰς χεῖρα, ταχέως οἱ παρατυχόντες τὸ σφήκωμα βάλλουσιν εἰς τὴν πίσσαν ζέουσαν καὶ περιειλοῦσιν ἅπαξ ἢ δὶς περὶ τὸν πῆχυν ἢ τὴν κνήμην, μικρὸν ἐπάνω τοῦ δήγματος, καὶ σφίγγουσιν δύο παρεστῶτες ἰσχυρῶς, καὶ ἐντέμνοντες τὸν τόπον διὰ τῆς περιθέσεως τοῦ βρόχου καὶ ἐπικαίοντες. ὅταν δὲ αὐτοῖς τοῦτο αὐτάρκως ἔχειν δοκῇ, τὸν βρόχον ἀφαιροῦσι καὶ καταπλάσσουσι κρομμύοις ἢ καὶ ἄλλῳ τινὶ τῶν εἰρημένων, ὡς ἂν τῇ ὑγρᾷ πίσσῃ μεθ’ ἁλῶν λείων θερμοτέρων καταπλασσομένη· σπουδαίως δὲ βοηθεῖ αὐτὴ καινοποιηθεῖσα συνεχέστερον.

ἀρήγει δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ κατάντλησις δι’ ὄξους καὶ θαλάσσης καὶ οὔρου, ἐν ᾧ καλαμίνθα ἐνήψηται. εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ἔμπλαστροι δριμύταται, δυνάμεναι τὸν ἰὸν ἐπισπᾶσθαι καὶ διακρατεῖν καὶ διαφορεῖν, ὡς ἡ δι’ ἁλῶν ἢ διὰ νίτρου καὶ σινάπεως καὶ κάχρυος προσφερομένη. ταῦτα δὲ ἑξῆς ῥητέον. σέρις τοίνυν καὶ ἐρείκη καὶ ἀστραγαλώτη πινόμενα μετ’ ὄξους πᾶσιν τοῖς θηριοδήκτοις βοηθεῖ, ὡσαύτως καὶ ἄσφαλτος καὶ πλατάνου χλωρᾶς σφαιρία καθεψηθέντα ἐν κράματι, καὶ παλιούρου ἀφέψημα καὶ ῥίζα ἀριστολοχίας καὶ ἠρύγγης, καὶ δαφνίδες ἑφθαὶ κατεσθιόμεναι, καὶ πέπερι δαψιλέστερον τρωγόμενον καὶ πήγανον.

Καὶ ἄνηθον <καὶ> σκόροδα καὶ κρόμμυα καὶ τάριχος δριμύτατος, καὶ ὀριγάνου ἀφέψημα πινόμενον σὺν οἴνῳ, καὶ μαράθου καὶ γλήχωνος καὶ καλαμίνθης καὶ πράσου χυλὸς σὺν μελικράτῳ ῥοφούμενος. ταῦτα μὲν ἐκ τῶν φυομένων, ἀπὸ ζῴων δὲ ὠφελίμως λαμβάνονταί τινα· ἐγκέφαλοι μὲν ἀλεκτορίδων ἐσθιόμενοι, πιτύα δὲ λαγωοῦ σὺν οἴνῳ πινομένη, καὶ καστόριον < β τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἡ γαλῆ τῶν διαβοήτων ἡ σκελετευομένη· περιφλέγεται δὲ πρῶτον ἐπανασχισθεῖσα τῶν ἐντὸς ἐκκριθέντων, σκελετεύεται δὲ ξηραινομένη ἐν σκιᾷ· δίδοται δὲ ἀπ' αὐτῆς δίδραχμον σὺν οἴνῳ. ἁρμόζει δὲ τοῖς θηριοδήκτοις καὶ κάθαρσις διὰ κοιλίας καὶ ἱδρωτοποιία οὔρων τε πολλῶν ἔκκρισις. σκευαστὰ δὲ ποτήματα παραδέδοται κοινότερον πρὸς τὰς τῶν πλείστων ἰοβόλων πληγὰς τοιαῦτα· ὀπίου, σμύρνης ἀνὰ ὀβολόν, πεπέρεως < ᾱ, ἀριστολοχίας < β· ταῦτα μέλιτι ἀναλαμβάνειν καὶ διδόναι μέγεθος κυάμου Αἰγυπτίου μετ' οἴνου· ὁμοίως πηγάνου ἀγρίου σπέρματος, κυμίνου Αἰθιοπικοῦ, χαλβάνης, μελανθίου, ἀριστολοχίας, ταῦτα πάντα λεανθέντα καὶ φυραθέντα χυλῷ εὐζώμου, ἀναπλάττονται τροχίσκοι δραχμιαῖοι· διδόναι δὲ ἐξ αὐτῶν μετ' οἴνου ἡμικοτύλιον. ἢ γεντιανῆς < β, πεπέρεως καὶ πηγάνου τὸ ἀρκοῦν δίδου λεάνας σὺν οἴνῳ. ταῦτα μὲν περὶ τῶν κοινῇ βοηθημάτων, τὰ δὲ ἰδίως πρὸς ἕκαστον τῶν ἰοβόλων ἑξῆς ἐροῦμεν.

Ointments against creeping things.

And let the body be thoroughly anointed with oil in which fresh chopped cedar-branches have been thrown beforehand, or juniper berries, or fleabane, or hog's fennel, or silphium, or sage, or wild mallow, or southernwood, or cardamom, or the fruit of asphodel or of wild carrot, or galbanum, and with the juice of hog's fennel, or with deer marrow diluted with vinegar, or with oxyoleum, or with the compounds prepared from these.
And against every venomous beast universally: the fat of each, being smeared on, drives away its own kind by the smell, just as also a dog, having smelled its own crushed tick, flees quickly.
Remedies against venomous beasts that have struck: and if indeed it should happen that someone is struck by some venomous beast, while the venom remains mild, you shall drench the wound with hot water or oxycrate and suck it out.
And it is necessary that the person sucking out be not fasting, but have taken food and rinsed his mouth with wine; then, holding a little oil in his mouth, let him thus perform the sucking.
And it is necessary to take heed lest the mouth or the teeth or the tonsils of the one who is about to suck out have any lesion.

And after this, ash smeared on with vinegar benefits, and especially that from fig-tree woods or laurel-woods or vine-woods, but if not, apply the one at hand, striving as much as possible not to arouse inflammation. And the wound being more severe, one must also use scarification; and it is fitting to make the incisions deeper. And one must also use cupping-glasses, in order that they may draw up the matter from the depth; and indeed both circumcision of the flesh and excision help more effectively than scarification, and concerning cauterization, we have already spoken as in the case of those bitten by mad dogs. And if the bitten part is well-suited for amputation, especially in the case of all venomous beasts, one must unhesitatingly perform the amputation of the extremity, as in the case of an asp and a horned viper and those of similar kind. And let smooth salt-fish be applied, and both leeks and onions and garlic, sometimes indeed having been ground smooth let them be applied as a poultice, and sometimes having been burned let them be applied to the bites; or, splitting open birds, to wrap them around the wounded place; for toward the warmth of the animal, the breath from the bitten part, taking an impulse, extracts the venom along with it;

And both rue and calamint applied as a poultice benefit, and garlic with salt, and goat's dung. And quicklime, applied with oil and honey to the thickness of a cerate until escharosis, acts excellently against the bite of every venomous beast except the asp, or, having ground salt and taken it up with liquid pitch, apply it as a poultice. And we have known some such thing happening in Egypt: whenever the Egyptians harvest, they have a pot prepared of boiling pitch and a band attached to the pot. Therefore, whenever someone is bitten on the leg or on the hand, quickly those who are present cast the band into the boiling pitch and wrap it once or twice around the forearm or the leg, a little above the bite, and two bystanders tighten it strongly, both scarifying the place by means of the application of the noose and cauterizing it. And when this seems to them to be sufficient, they remove the noose and apply a poultice of onions or also of some other of the things mentioned, as though being poulticed with the liquid pitch with smoother, warmer salts; and it helps excellently, being itself renewed more continuously.

And a dousing with vinegar and sea-water and urine, in which calamint has been boiled, also helps them.
And there are also very acrid plasters, being able to draw out, retain, and disperse the venom, such as the one applied by means of salts, or by means of soda, mustard, and parched barley.
And these things must be spoken of in order.
Therefore, chicory, heather, and milk-vetch, being drunk with vinegar, help all those bitten by venomous beasts; likewise also bitumen and the small balls of green plane-tree, having been boiled down in a mixture of wine and water, and a decoction of Christ's thorn, and the root of birthwort and of eryngo, and boiled bayberries being eaten, and pepper being chewed more abundantly, and rue.
And dill garlic and onions and very pungent salt-fish, and a decoction of oregano being drunk with wine, and the juice of fennel, pennyroyal, calamint, and leek, being supped with hydromel.
These things indeed are from plants, but from animals certain things are beneficially taken:
brains of hens indeed being eaten, and rennet of a hare being drunk with wine, and castoreum < β > in the same manner.
And the dried-up weasel is also among the celebrated remedies.

And first, having been slit open, its internal contents having been cleared out, it is singed around, and it is desiccated, being dried in the shade; and from it, a double-drachma weight is given with wine. And both purgation through the belly and the promotion of sweat, as well as the excretion of much urine, are suitable for those bitten by beasts. And prepared draughts have been handed down more generally against the bites of most venomous creatures, such as these: of opium, of myrrh, an obol of each; of pepper, < 1 drachma >; of birthwort, < 2 drachmae >; knead these with honey and give the size of an Egyptian bean with wine; likewise, of wild rue seed, of Ethiopian cumin, of galbanum, of black cumin, of birthwort; all these, having been pulverized and kneaded with the juice of rocket, are fashioned into pastilles weighing a drachma each; and give of these half a cotyle with wine. Or, of gentian < 2 drachmae >, of pepper and of rue a sufficient quantity, give, having pulverized them, with wine. These things indeed are concerning the general remedies, but we shall state next those specifically against each of the venomous creatures.

ἢ τοῖς ἐκ θηρίων πληγῆς αἱμορραγοῦσιν.

πρὸς δὲ τὰς ἐκ τῶν πληγῶν αἱμορραγίας ἴσχαιμον <δοτέον> Ἑρμᾶ τοῦ θηριακοῦ· χαλκίτεως, μελαντηρίας, ἀραχνῶν ἀνὰ < ᾱ ὁμοῦ λεάνας χρῶ.

Or, for those hemorrhaging from the bite of beasts.

And against the hemorrhages from the bites, the styptic of Hermas the theriac-expert : of chalcitis, of melanteria, of cobwebs, < 1 drachma > of each; having pulverized them together, use.

θʹ Περὶ διαίτης καὶ θεραπείας.

τροφαῖς δὲ χρηστέον δριμείαις, εὐαναδότοις, φυσώδεσιν, πληκτικαῖς, οἷον σκορόδοις, κρομμύοις, ταρίχοις, πεπέρι, ῥαφάνοις· οἶνος πολὺς καὶ ἄκρατος. συμφέρει δὲ αὐτοῖς πᾶσα κίνησις καὶ αἰώρα πολλὴ καὶ ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός.

On regimen and treatment.

And one must use foods that are pungent, easily digestible, flatulent, and stimulating, such as garlic, onions, preserved fish, pepper, and radishes; much and unmixed wine. And every movement and much swinging both by day and by night is beneficial to them.

⟨ι⟩ ἀντίδοτοι θηριακαὶ ⟨κα⟩ὶ ἔμπλαστροι ποιοῦσαι καὶ πρὸς ἄλλα.

ἀντίδοτος πρώτη, ποιοῦσα κοινῶς πρὸς πάντα τὰ ἑρπετὰ θηρία καὶ τοὺς λυσσοδήκτους, παρὰ πολλοῖς διατεσσάρων καλουμένη. δίδοται τοῦ φαρμάκου καρύου Ποντικοῦ τὸ μέγεθος, σκορπιοπλήκτοις μὲν μετ’ οἴνου αὐστηροῦ ἅπαξ τῆς ἡμέρας — εἰ δ’ ἐπιτείνοι ἡ ὀδύνη, δίδου καὶ δίς —, πρὸς δὲ λυσσοδήκτους δίδου μεθ’ ὕδατος ἡμέραν παρ’ ἡμέραν ἐπὶ ἡμέρας μβ, προσμίγων τῷ φαρμάκῳ λύκιον Ἰνδικόν, τηρῶν καὶ τὰ ἕλκη ἀκατούλωτα. χρῶ δὲ εἰ βούλει ξηρῷ αὐτῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἑλκῶν. ἔστι δὲ ἀριστολοχίας στρογγύλης, γεντιανῆς, δαφνίδων, σμύρνης ἀνὰ 𐅵 η̅· ἀναλάμβανε μέλιτι Ἀττικῷ ἢ νησιωτικῷ. ἐὰν δὲ προσβάλῃς πεπέρεως λευκοῦ 𐅵 δ̅, ποιεῖ καὶ πρὸς ἡπατικοὺς θαυμαστῶς μεθ’ ὑδρομέλιτος, ἐν δὲ τοῖς παροξυσμοῖς μετὰ γλυκέος.

ἄλλη ἀντίδοτος θηριακή, ποιοῦσα κατ’ ἐξοχήν. ἔστι δὲ καστορίου, ὀποῦ Κυρηναϊκοῦ, πεπέρεως ἀνὰ 𐅵 δ̅, κόστου, νάρδου Ἰνδικ⟨ῆς, κρόκ⟩ου, κενταυρίου χυλοῦ ἀνὰ 𐅵 β̅, μέλιτος ἀπέφθου κοτύλης ἥμισυ. ἡ δόσις καρύου Ποντικοῦ τοῦ ἐντὸς τὸ μέγεθος· δίδου σκορπιοπλήκτοις μετ’ οἴνου κεκραμένου, ἀσπιδοδήκτοις μετ’ ὄξους κεκραμένου, ἡπατικοῖς μεθ’ ὑδρομέλιτος, πρὸς ὑστερικὰς πνίγας ὁμοίως, πρὸς δὲ τὸ κατάξαι ἔμμηνα ἀπὸ βαλανείου δίδου μετ’ οἰνομέλιτος θερμοῦ. ⟨καὶ⟩ κατασπαστικὴν δὲ δύναμιν ἔχει ὡς τοὺς ἀναδοθέντας ἥλους καταφέρειν· οὕτως οὖν καὶ πρὸς ὑστερικὰς πνίγας καὶ τὴν τῶν ἐμμήνων κάθαρσιν ποιεῖ.

⟨ἄλλη⟩ ἀντίδοτος σκορπιοπλήκτοις· ἀριστολοχίας μακρᾶς λείας δίδου κοχλιάριον ἓν μετ’ οἴνου ἀκράτου κυάθων τεσσάρων· ἐνεργεῖ σφόδρα.

περὶ ἐμπλάστρων. Ζήνων δὲ ὁ Λαοδικεὺς μετὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ θηριακὴν ἀντίδοτον, ἣν ἐγὼ ἐνθάδε οὐ παρέθηκα διὰ τὸ πολυτελὲς τῆς σκευασίας, παρατίθεται [ἡ] μὲν ἐμπλάστρους τάσδε, φησὶν δὲ οὕτως· ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν δηγμάτων τὴν ἔμπλαστρον τὴν διὰ θαλάσσης καὶ χαμαιλέοντος ἐπιτίθει ἢ τὴν λευκὴν ἢ ἀμφοτέρας μίξας. ἔστι

δὲ ἡ μὲν διὰ χαμαιλέοντος ἥδε· λιθαργύρου ς ᾱ 𐅻 β̄, ἁλὸς Ἀμμωνιακοῦ < ᾱ, χαμαιλέοντος μέλανος ῥίζης 𐅻 δ̄, θαλάσσης κυ γ̄, ἐλαίου παλαιοῦ ξ̄ ᾱ· ἕψε λιθάργυρον, ἔλαιον, θάλασσαν, ἕως συστραφῇ, εἶτα καθελὼν ἀπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς πρόσβαλλε λεῖον τὸν χαμαιλέοντα ἐπιπάσσων καὶ ἐπίθες ἐπὶ μαλακοῦ πυρός, ὅπως τὴν δύναμιν ὁ χαμαιλέων προσδῷ τῷ φαρμάκῳ. ἄλλη <ἡ λευκὴ> πρὸς ὃ θέλεις ῥῆξαι ἢ διαφορῆσαι ἢ ἐπισπάσασθαι· λιθαργύρου ς ᾱ, ψιμυθίου ς β̄, πιτυίνης ς ᾱ, ἐλαίου παλαιοῦ ς γ̄, κηροῦ ς γ̄, Ἀμμωνιακοῦ θυμιάματος, χαλβάνης ἀνὰ 𐅻 β̄· ἕψε ἔλαιον, ψιμύθιον, λιθάργυρον, ἕως ἀμόλυντον γένηται· εἶτα τὰ ἄλλα ὕστερον πρόσβαλλε καὶ χρῶ πρὸς πᾶσαν ἀπόστασιν καὶ φύματα κατὰ μαστούς, φύγεθλα, κόλπους, σύριγγας, παρωτίδας, ἄνθρακας. ταύταις χρῶ ἐπὶ τῶν δηγμάτων ἀμφοτέραις. ἔστι δὲ αὕτη ἀφλέγμαντος ἐπὶ παντὸς ἰοῦ, καὶ ἔστιν ἀνέκδοτος ἡ τοιαύτη δύναμις.

Theriac antidotes [and] plasters that are effective also against other things.

First antidote, effective generally against all creeping wild beasts and those bitten by mad dogs, called by many diatessaron. There is given of the medicine the size of a Pontic nut, to those stung by scorpions indeed with dry wine once a day—but if the pain should intensify, give it even twice—, and to those bitten by mad dogs give it with water every other day for 42 days, mixing into the medicine Indian lycium, keeping also the wounds unscarred. And use it, if you wish, dry even upon the wounds. And it consists of round birthwort, gentian, bayberries, and myrrh, 8 ounces each; take it up with Attic or island honey. And if you add 4 ounces of white pepper, it acts also for those suffering from liver disease wonderfully with hydromel, and during the paroxysms with sweet wine.

Another theriac antidote, which is preeminently effective. And it consists of castoreum, Cyrenaic juice, pepper, of each 4 drachms; costus, Indian ⟨nard, saffr⟩on, juice of centaury, of each 2 drachms; of clarified honey, half a cotyle. The dose is the size of the inside of a Pontic nut; give it to those struck by a scorpion with diluted wine, to those bitten by an asp with diluted vinegar, to those with liver disease with hydromel, likewise for hysterical suffocations, and for bringing down the menses give it after a bath with warm oenomel. ⟨And⟩ it also has a drawing-down power so as to bring down the absorbed nails; thus therefore it is effective both for hysterical suffocations and the purgation of the menses. ⟨Another⟩ antidote for those struck by a scorpion: give one spoonful of smooth long birthwort with four cyathi of undiluted wine; it works powerfully. On plasters. And Zeno of Laodicea, after his own theriac antidote, which I have not set down here on account of the costliness of its preparation, sets down indeed [the] these plasters, and says thus: and upon the bites apply the plaster made with sea-water and chameleon, or the white one, or having mixed both.

And the one by means of chameleon is this: of litharge, 1 pound, 2 drachmas; of Ammoniac salt, 1 ounce; of black chameleon root, 4 drachmas; of seawater, 3 cyathi; of old oil, 1 sextarius; boil the litharge, the oil, and the seawater until it thickens; then, having taken it down from the fire, add the finely ground chameleon, sprinkling it on, and place it upon a gentle fire, so that the chameleon may impart its power to the medicine. Another for whatever you wish to rupture or to disperse or to draw out: of litharge, 1 pound; of ceruse, 2 pounds; of pine-resin, 1 pound; of old oil, 3 pounds; of wax, 3 pounds; of Ammoniac incense, of galbanum, 2 drachmas each; boil the oil, the ceruse, and the litharge until it becomes non-staining; then add the other ingredients later and use it for every abscess and swellings on the breasts, phygethla, sinuses, fistulae, parotid swellings, and carbuncles. Use both of these for bites. And this is non-inflammatory against every venom, and such efficacy is unpublished.

ιᾱ περὶ σφηκῶν καὶ μελισσῶν.

προδιεσαφήνισα δὲ τὰ παρακολουθοῦντα ταῖς τούτων πληγαῖς σημεῖα οὐχὶ τῷ μεγάλην εἶναι τὴν δύναμιν ἢ ἐπικίνδυνον τὴν τούτων πληγήν, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ τοῦ τοὺς πεπληγότας ἀπὸ τούτων μὴ τεταράχθαι διὰ τὴν ἀλγηδόνα, ὡς δοκεῖν ὑπό τινος τῶν χαλεπῶν πεπληγέναι. τοῖς τοίνυν πεπληγόσιν ὑπὸ μελισσῶν παρακολουθεῖ <τὸ> τὴν πληγὴν ἀλγεῖν, ἐρυθρὸν εἶναι τὸν τόπον, ἐπαίρεσθαι τὰ κύκλῳ, τὸ κέντρον ἐγκεῖσθαι τῷ πλήγματι, τοῖς δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν σφηκῶν πάλιν τὰ ὅμοια μετ' ἐπιτάσεως πολλῆς, πλὴν <τὸ> κέντρον οὐκ ἐνυπάρχει. βοηθεῖται δὲ τὰ ὑπὸ τούτων δήγματα πηλῷ ἢ βολβίτῳ καταχριόμενα μετ' ὀξυκράτου πεφυραμένῳ, ἢ μαλάχης φύλλα ὁμοίως ὀξυκράτῳ συλλειωθέντα, ἢ κρίθινον ἄλευρον σὺν ὄξει, καὶ συκῆς ὀπὸς ἐνσταζόμενος τοῖς δήγμασιν, καὶ ἡλιοτροπίου φύλλα λεῖα καταπασσόμενα, ἢ καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ σήσαμον τρίψας μεθ' ὕδατος κατάπλασσε. σφραγίζονται δὲ <καὶ> σφραγῖδι σιδηρᾷ πρὸς τὸ μὴ αὔξειν τὴν φλεγμονὴν ἅμα τῷ πληγῆναι· καὶ πυρία διὰ ἅλμης ἢ θαλάσσης ὠφελεῖ. προπότιζε δὲ δάφνης ἁπαλοῖς φύλλοις ὅσον <𐅵 β̄ μετ’ οἴνου αὐστηροῦ ὅσον ἡμικοτύλιον.

On wasps and bees.

And I have previously made clear the signs that accompany the stings of these creatures, not because their power is great or the sting of these is dangerous, but in order that those who have been stung by them might not be thrown into confusion on account of the pain, so as to think that they have been stung by one of the dangerous creatures. To those, therefore, who have been stung by bees, there follows the paining of the sting, the place being red, the surrounding parts being swollen, and the stinger being fixed in the wound; and to those stung by wasps, on the other hand, similar symptoms occur with great intensity, except that the stinger is not present within. And the bites by these are relieved by being smeared over with clay or cow-dung kneaded with oxycrate, or leaves of mallow likewise ground up together with oxycrate, or barley meal with vinegar, and fig-juice being dropped into the bites, and smooth leaves of heliotrope being sprinkled over, or also, having ground sesame itself with water, apply it as a poultice. And they are also sealed with an iron seal at the very moment of being stung, to prevent the inflammation from increasing; and fomentation by means of brine or sea-water is beneficial.

And give to drink beforehand with tender leaves of laurel as much as with harsh wine as much as half a cotyle.

ῑβ̄ περὶ [μυῶν καὶ] μυιῶν καὶ κωνώπων καὶ ψύλλων.

ἐπειδὴ δὲ καὶ ταῦτα λυμαίνεται τῶν ἀνθρώπων τὰ σώματα, καὶ περὶ τούτων ὀλίγα ἀναγράψομαι. κώνωπες οὖν ἀποθνήσκουσιν κεδρίνων πρισμάτων μετὰ χαλκάνθου ὑποθυμιωμένων. ἐὰν δὲ μελάνθιον ζέσας ἐν ἐλαίῳ <καὶ> προσμίξας τὴν χάλκανθον συγχρίσῃ, οὐ προσεγγίζουσι μυῖαι οὐδὲ κώνωπες. πρὸς δὲ τὸ ἀνελεῖν μυίας ὑοσκυάμου σπέρμα καὶ ἐλλέβορον μέλανα καὶ λιθάργυρον λείου μεθ’ ὕδατος καὶ ἀπόθου· ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς χρείας κνικώσας βουτύρῳ σκόρπισον, ἢ κυνοκράμβης τὴν ῥίζαν λείαν μετὰ στέατος. πρὸς κώνωπας δὲ ἀψίνθιον, μελάνθιον, χάλκανθον ἴσα σὺν ἐλαίῳ ἑψήσας συγχρίου ἢ ξηρὰ ἐπὶ βολβίτων θυμία. ἄλλο πρὸς κώνωπας· ὀπὸν Συριακὸν μετ’ ὄξους συγχρίου. ἄλλο πρὸς κώνωπας· ἐλλέβορον, ἀψίνθιον σὺν ἐλαίῳ ῥαφανίνῳ [καὶ] συγχρίου. μυίας δὲ φυγαδεύει χάλκανθος θυμιωμένη· μυίας δὲ ὄλλυσιν ἐλλέβορος λευκὸς λεῖος σὺν γάλακτι φυραθεὶς καὶ <ἐν> διαφόροις ἀποτεθεὶς τόποις. ψύλλοις ὀλέθριον· ῥοδοδάφνης ζεσθείσης θαλάσσῃ ἢ ἅλμῃ τὸ ἀπόζεμα ῥαινόμενον. <ἄλλο πρὸς τὸ> κώνωπας καὶ ψύλλους διολέσαι· λίβανον καὶ μελάνθιον θυμία. ἄλλο· ῥίζαν κυάμου Αἰγυπτίου βρέξον ὕδατι καὶ ῥᾶνον.

Concerning [mice and] flies and gnats and fleas.

And since these things also harm the bodies of men, I shall record a few things concerning these also. Gnats, therefore, die when cedar sawdust with copperas is fumigated from below. And if, having boiled black cumin in oil having mixed in the copperas, you anoint [with it], neither flies nor gnats approach. And for the destroying of flies, grind smooth seed of henbane and black hellebore and litharge with water and put away; and at the time of use, having made it yellow with butter, sprinkle [it], or the root of dog's cabbage ground smooth with fat. And against gnats, having boiled wormwood, black cumin, copperas, in equal parts, with oil, anoint [with it], or fumigate them dry upon cow-dung. Another against gnats: anoint Syrian juice with vinegar. Another against gnats: anoint hellebore, wormwood with radish oil [and]. And copperas being fumigated puts flies to flight; and white hellebore ground smooth, having been kneaded with milk and having been placed different places, destroys flies. Destructive for fleas:

The decoction of oleander, boiled in seawater or brine, being sprinkled. <ἄλλο πρὸς τὸ> destroying of gnats and fleas: fumigate frankincense and black cumin. Another: steep the root of Egyptian bean in water and sprinkle.

ῑγ̄ <πρὸς ἀσ>καλαβώτου δῆγμα.

οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀσκαλαβώτου δηχθέντες συντόνως ἀλγοῦσιν καὶ τὸ δῆγμα πελιὸν ἴσχουσιν. βοηθοῦνται δὲ παραχρῆμα καταπλασσόμενοι τὴν πληγὴν κρομμύοις, σκορόδοις, ἔτι καὶ ἐσθίοντες αὐτά, καὶ οἶνον ἄκρατον ἐπιρροφοῦντες· ἢ σήσαμον λεάνας μεθ’ ὕδατος κατάπλασσε ἢ μελάνθιον ὁμοίως.

Against an Askalabotes bite.

And those who have been bitten by the gecko suffer intense pain and have the bite livid. And they are helped immediately by plastering the wound with onions, garlic, and furthermore eating them, and drinking unmixed wine after; or, having ground sesame smooth with water, apply it as a plaster, or black cumin likewise.

ιδ΄. Πρὸς σκορπίου πλῆγμα περίαπτα καὶ ἀντιπαθῆ πρὸς τὸ αὐτό.

Ἐκ τῶν Ἀρχιγένους· τῶν δὲ σκορπίων διαφοραὶ μὲν πλείους, τὰ αὐτὰ δὲ πᾶσιν παρακολουθεῖ, ὅθεν ἐπὶ τὰς σημειώσεις τῶν πλήξεων καὶ τὰς θεραπείας τραπησόμεθα. παρέπεται τοῖς πληγεῖσιν πόνος σφοδρότατος περὶ τὴν πληγήν, ψῦξις 〈καὶ〉 νάρκα περὶ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα, ψυχρὸς ἱδρώς, ἔπαρσις ἐν ταῖς μασχάλαις, τοῖς δὲ περὶ τὰ κάτω ἐν τοῖς βουβῶσιν. τοῖς δὲ μὴ ἐλαφρῶς τυπτομένοις τοιαῦτά τινα παρακολουθεῖ· καῦσος [καὶ] περὶ τὴν πληγὴν ὡς ἐπὶ πυρικαύτων, παρακοπαὶ σφυγμός τε δι’ ὅλου τοῦ σώματος, μυρμηκίασις περὶ τὰ χείλη καὶ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα, ὡς ῥανίσιν δοκεῖν καταρραντίζεσθαι, σκληρότης ἄρθρων, προσώπου διαστροφή, λῆμαι περὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς κολλώδεις, δάκρυα γλίσχρα, ῥίγη συνεχῆ, πρόπτωσις ἕδρας καὶ αἰδοίου 〈ἔντασις〉· ἐνίοις 〈δὲ καὶ〉 συνεχεῖς ἐρυγαί, γλώσσης πάχος καὶ σκληρότης, ὀδόντων συνέρεισις, ἀφρισμὸς δαψιλής, ἔμετοι, λυγμοί, σπασμοί, τέτανοι, ὀπισθότονοι. καὶ ταῦτα μὲν τὰ παρακολουθοῦντα τοῖς πεπληγόσι σημεῖα. βοηθοῦνται δὲ τοῖς ὑπογεγραμμένοις παραχρῆμα· συκῆς ὀπὸς εἰς τὸ πλῆγμα ἐνταχθείς, ἢ αὐτὸς ὁ πλήξας σκορπίος ἐπιτεθείς κατὰ ἀντιπάθειάν τινα ἄκρως βοηθεῖ, ἢ λεῖον ἅλας μετὰ λινοσπέρμου, 〈ἢ〉 ἀλθαίας ὁ καρπός, ἢ θεῖον ἄπυρον ἀναληφθὲν ῥητίνῃ τερμινθίνῃ καὶ ὡς ἐμπλάστριον ἐπιτεθέν· ἢ χαλβάνη πλατυνθεῖσα σπληνίου τύπον, ἢ καλαμίνθη λεία ὑδρηρὰ καταπλασσομένη, καὶ ὠμήλυσις ἐν οἴνῳ σκευασθεῖσα ἐν ἀφεψήματι πηγάνου, ἢ ῥύπος ἄγγους οὐρηροῦ καταχριόμενος, ἢ ἀριστολοχίας ῥίζα· ἢ Κυρηναϊκῷ ὀπῷ ἢ ἁλσὶν μετὰ σταφίδων κατάπλασσε ἢ μετ’ ἐλαίου λείοις ἀνάτριβε. ποτήμασιν δὲ χρηστέον ἀνυσιμωτάτοις· ἀριστολοχίας < β̄, μάλιστα τοῦ φλοιοῦ σὺν οἴνῳ, γεντιανὴ <κεκομμένη> καὶ γλήχων ἐπικαθηψημένη, καὶ δαφνίδες ἀριθμῷ δέκα λεῖαι, καὶ καλαμίνθα ἐπὶ πολὺ ἐνεψηθεῖσα ὀξυκράτῳ, ἢ κυπάρισσος μετ’ οἴνου, ἢ πήγανον ὡσαύτως· καὶ σίλφιον, εἰ παρείη, καὶ ὁ τῆς τριφύλλου καρπὸς πινόμενος, καὶ τὸ τοῦ ὠκίμου σπέρμα, λουτρῶν τε συνεχὴς χρῆσις μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ἱδρώσεως, καὶ οἰνοποσία ζωροτέρα τῷ κράματι. ἀντιδότιον σκορπιοπλήκτοις δόκιμον· ἀριστολοχίας μακρᾶς, μελανθίου, πάνακος ῥίζης, πηγάνου ἀγρίου σπέρματος ἀνὰ < 𐆠 δ΄· ἡ δόσις < 𐆠 β΄ μετ’ οἴνου ἀκράτου. ἄλλη ποιοῦσα <καὶ> πρὸς τριταίους καὶ τεταρταίους καὶ ἀμφημερινούς· ὀπίου, ὀποπάνακος, καστορίου, ὑοσκυάμου σπέρματα, δαύκου σπέρμα ἀνὰ < 𐆠 ᾱ λεῖα ποιήσας προσμίσγε ὀλίγον μέλιτος καὶ δίδου ἀνδρὶ ὁλκὰς τρεῖς, παιδίοις δὲ † χρῶ ὡς παραδόξως ποιοῦντι μετ’ οἰνομέλιτος πρὸ ὥρας τῆς λήψεως † αὐτὴ σκορπιοπλήκτοις οὐ προγέγραπται. τοῖς δὲ ὑπὸ σκορπίου πεπληγόσιν ἐλενίου ῥίζαν διδόασι μασᾶσθαι, ἕως ἄπονοι γένωνται· κἂν ἔχῃ δέ τις αὐτὸ μετὰ χεῖρας, οὐκ ἀδικήσει ὁ σκορπιός· ἢ εὑρὼν ἀσκαλαβώτην φόρει, καὶ οὐ πληγήσῃ. ἄλλο πρὸς τὸ μὴ πληγῆναι ὑπὸ σκορπίου· φοῦ βοτάνης ἄνθη 𐅵 καὶ μελάνθιον ὀλίγον <καὶ> προπόλεως ὀλίγον· ταῦτα μίξας ἐνδήσας τε εἰς ῥάκος ἐρεοῦν περίαπτε. ἐὰν δὲ θέλῃς πειρᾶσαι, γράψον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς γύρον, καὶ βάλε εἰς τὸ μέσον σκορπίον σὺν τῷ

For the sting of a scorpion: amulets and sympathetic remedies for the same.

From the writings of Archigenes: and while the differences among scorpions are indeed numerous, the same symptoms accompany them all, whence we shall turn to the indications of the stings and the treatments. There follows for those who have been stung a most severe pain around the wound, coldness 〈καὶ〉 numbness around the whole body, cold sweat, swelling in the armpits, and for those stung in the lower parts, in the groins. And for those who are not lightly stung, certain such symptoms accompany:

Burning heat [and] around the wound as in the case of burns, deliriums and throbbing throughout the whole body, formication around the lips and the whole body, so as to seem to be sprinkled with drops, stiffness of the joints, distortion of the face, sticky rheum around the eyes, viscid tears, continuous chills, prolapse of the anus and 〈tension〉 of the private part; and in some 〈also〉 continuous belchings, thickness and stiffness of the tongue, clenching of the teeth, abundant foaming, vomitings, hiccups, spasms, tetani, opisthotonoi.

And these indeed are the signs that accompany those who have been struck.

And they are helped immediately by the underwritten remedies; juice of the fig-tree introduced into the wound, or the very scorpion that struck, applied, helps excellently according to a certain antipathy, or smooth salt with linseed, 〈or〉 the fruit of marshmallow, or native sulphur taken up with terebinth resin and applied as a plaster; or galbanum flattened in the form of a compress, or smooth, moist calaminth applied as a poultice, and raw barley-meal prepared in wine in a decoction of rue, or the grime of a urinal vessel smeared on, or root of birthwort;

Either plaster with Cyrenaic juice or with salts with raisins, or rub with them ground smooth with oil. And one must use the most efficacious potions: of birthwort, 2 drachms, especially of the bark, with wine, gentian and pennyroyal boiled down in it, and bayberries, ten in number, ground smooth, and calamint boiled for a long time in oxycrate, or cypress with wine, or rue likewise; and silphium, if it should be present, and the fruit of trefoil being drunk, and the seed of basil, and continuous use of baths with much sweating, and wine-drinking stronger in its mixture. An approved antidote for those struck by a scorpion: of long birthwort, of gith, of panax root, of wild rue seed, of each, 4 drachms; the dose is 2 drachms with unmixed wine. Another antidote, effective against tertian and quartan and quotidian fevers: of opium, of opopanax, of castor, seeds of henbane, seed of wild carrot, of each, 1 drachma, having ground them smooth, mix in a little honey and give to a man three holkai, and to children † use it as working marvelously with honeyed wine before the hour of the attack †; this antidote has not been prescribed before for those struck by a scorpion.

And to those having been stung by a scorpion they give a root of helenium to chew, until they become free from pain; and even if someone holds it in hand, the scorpion will not harm him; or, having found a gecko, wear it, and you will not be stung. Another remedy for not being stung by a scorpion; flowers of the phu herb, half an ounce, and a little fennel-flower, and a little propolis; having mixed these and having bound them in a woolen rag, wear it as an amulet. And if you wish to test it, draw a circle upon the ground, and cast a scorpion into the middle with the amulet, and the scorpion will not go out of the circle.
περιάπτῳ, καὶ οὐκ ἐξελεύσεται ὁ σκορπιός τοῦ γύρου.

ιε΄. Φαλαγγίων πόσα γένη, καὶ βοηθήματα πρὸς ταῦτα.

Τῶν δὲ φαλαγγίων γένη μὲν πλείονα, ἃ δὲ κατὰ τὸ πλεῖστον ἱστορεῖται παρὰ τοῖς θηριακοῖς, ἔστιν ἓξ τὸν ἀριθμόν· τὸ μὲν γὰρ

αὐτῶν καλεῖται ῥάγιον, τὸ δὲ λύκος, τὸ δὲ μυρμήκιον, τὸ δὲ κρανοκολάπτης, τὸ δὲ σκληροκέφαλον, τὸ δὲ σκωλήκιον. τὸ μὲν οὖν ῥάγιον σχήματι στρογγύλον ἐστί, χρώματι δὲ μέλαν — ὡμοίωται γὰρ ῥαγὶ σταφυλῆς μελαίνης —, πόδας δὲ ἔχει ἓξ ἑκατέρου μέρους μικροτάτους, τὸ δὲ στόμα ὑπὸ τὴν κοιλίαν. ὁ δὲ λύκος δεύτερος ἐν τοῖς ἀραχνίοις διατρίβων εὑρίσκεται καὶ ἐπιλαμβανόμενος τῶν μυιῶν καὶ ἐσθίων αὐτάς, σῶμα δὲ ἔχει πλατύ, περιφερές, τὰ δὲ κατὰ τὸν αὐχένα αὐτοῦ μέρη ἐγκεχάρακται, ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ στόματος ἀποφύσεις ἔχει λείας τρεῖς. τὸ δὲ μυρμήκιον τρίτον ὂν ὡμοίωται μύρμηκι μεγάλῳ, αἰθαλῶδες κατὰ χρόαν· ἐντετύπωται δέ τινα ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ὡς ἄστρα, μᾶλλον δὲ κατὰ τὰ νῶτα, ὡς καὶ Νίκανδρος.

Μαρτυρεῖ οὕτως· πυρόειν, ἄζη γε μὲν εἴσατο μορφήν, πάντοθεν ἀστερόεντι περιστιγὲς εὐρέι νώτῳ. Τὸ σκληροκέφαλον δὲ τέταρτον ὃν κεφαλὴν ἔχει πετρώδη καὶ ἀπόσκληρον, καὶ καθ’ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα περιγέγραπται ἐμφερῶς τοῖς ζῴοις ἐκείνοις τοῖς περιιπταμένοις περὶ τοὺς λύχνους. Τὸ δὲ σκωλήκιον πέμπτον ἐπίμηκες καὶ ὑπόσπιλον, καὶ μάλιστα κατὰ τὴν κεφαλήν. Τὸ δὲ ἕκτον κρανοκολάπτης· τοῦτο ὑπόμηκές ἐστι καὶ ἔγχλωρον, τὸ δὲ κέντρον ἔχει ὑπὸ τὸν τράχηλον· τοῦτο προσπῖπτον τοὺς κατὰ τὴν κεφαλὴν πλήσσει τόπους. Τὰ μὲν οὖν εἴδη τῶν φαλαγγίων ταῦτα, τὰ δὲ παρακολουθοῦντα τοῖς πεπληγόσιν ὑπ’ αὐτῶν κοινά· τὸ δὲ δῆγμα λεπτὸν καὶ δυσθεώρητον, οἴδημα, πελίωμα, τισὶν δὲ καὶ ἐρύθημα, ψῦχος περὶ γόνατα καὶ ὀσφὺν καὶ ὠμοπλάτας· ἔστι δὲ ὅτε καὶ καθ’ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα βάρος ἐστίν, ἔτι τε πόνος σύντονος, τρόμος, ὠχρίασις, ἀγρυπνία, τισὶν δὲ καὶ ἔντασις καυλοῦ καὶ κνησμὸς περὶ τὴν πληγήν, ἐνίοτε δὲ καὶ περὶ τὰς κνήμας, ὄμματα ἔνυγρα καὶ δακρύοντα καὶ κοῖλα διὰ τὸ τὴν κοιλίαν ἀνωμάλως ἐπῆρθαι. Οἰδεῖ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα πρόσωπόν τε καὶ μάλιστα τὰ περὶ τὴν γλῶτταν, ἀσάφειά τε γίνεται φράσεως, τισὶν δὲ καὶ δυσουρία, ἐμεῖν ὑδατώδη, ἀραχνίοις ὅμοια, ἔστι δὲ ὅτε δι' οὔρων καὶ κατὰ κοιλίαν τὰ αὐτὰ ἀποκρίνεται· πολλάκις καὶ τρόμος δι' ὅλου τοῦ σώματος, καὶ σύντασις περὶ τὰς ἰγνύας ἐοικυῖα σπασμῷ, καὶ περὶ τὸν στόμαχον δηγμὸς ἰσχυρός, καὶ ψυχρὸς ἱδρὼς καθ' ὅλην τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν ἐκκρίνεται. Συμβαίνει δὲ καθιεμένους εἰς θερμὸν ἀπόνους γίνεσθαι, μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἐξαίρεσιν συντόνως ἀλγεῖν, τοῖς δὲ πρεσβυτέροις ἐφ' ἱκανὸν τὰ μόρια χαλᾶσθαι καὶ μὴ ἐντείνεσθαι. Κοινὰ μὲν οὖν ταῦτα παρέπεται· τισὶν δὲ καὶ κεφαλὴν ἀλγεῖν καὶ σκοτοῦσθαι, κρανοκολάπτου δὲ πλήξαντος ῥῖγος σύντονον, ὡς παρακόπτειν, καρδιαλγεῖν, ῥιπτάζεσθαι. Βοηθοῦνται δὲ πάντες οἱ φαλαγγιόδηκτοι λουτρῷ συνεχεῖ θερμῷ· καταντλεῖν δὲ δεῖ τὴν πληγὴν ἀφεψήματι τριφύλλου καὶ ἐλαίου θερμοῦ. Ἐπιτίθει δὲ τέφραν συκίνην σὺν ἁλσὶν λείοις μετ' οἴνου φυράσας, ἢ ἀριστολοχίαν σὺν κριθίνῳ ἀλεύρῳ καὶ ὄξει δεύσας. Κατάντλει δὲ θερμοτέρᾳ θαλάσσῃ ἢ ἅλμῃ τὰ ἕλκη, ἢ μελισσοφύλλου ἀφεψήματι — ταύτης δὲ καὶ τὰ φύλλα ἐπιπλάσσειν —, ἢ βολβοῖς ἢ πολυγόνῳ ἢ πράσοις ἢ πιτύροις ἀνεζεσμένοις ὄξει ἢ κριθίνοις ἀλεύροις συγκαθηψημένων φύλλων δάφνης σὺν οἴνῳ, ἢ σπόγγον καινὸν εἰς ὄξος ἀποβάπτων πυρία τὴν πληγήν. Πότιζε δὲ ἀβροτόνου τὸ σπέρμα καὶ ἄνηθον καὶ ἀριστολοχίαν καὶ ἐρέβινθον ἄγριον καὶ κύμινον Αἰθιοπικὸν καὶ κεδρίδας λείας καὶ πλατάνου φλοιὸν καὶ τὸ σπέρμα τῆς τριφύλλου πόας, ἑκάστου κατ' ἰδίαν δίδοται δραχμὰς β΄ μετ' οἴνου κύαθον α΄· ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ μυρίκης ὁ καρπὸς καὶ χαμαιπίτυος καὶ τῶν χλωρῶν τῆς κυπαρίσσου σφαιρίων τὸ ἀφέψημα κιρνάμενον μετ' οἴνου, ἢ πυρέθρου λείου δραχμὴν α΄ ὁμοίως πινομένη. Φασὶν δέ τινες καὶ καρκίνον ποτάμιον χυλισθέντα μετὰ γάλακτος, καὶ προσλαβόντα σελίνου σπέρμα, παραχρῆμα τῶν ὀχληρῶν ἀπαλλάσσειν. Ἢ πέπερι τρίψας ἐν οἴνῳ κύαθον α΄ πάχος σύμμετρον ποιῶν δίδου πιεῖν.

ἀντίδοτος ποιοῦσα πρὸς φαλαγγιοδήκτους καὶ τρυγόνας καὶ δράκοντας θαλασσίους, καὶ σμυραίνης καὶ πάντων τῶν τοιούτων γενῶν πληγάς. ἐστὶ δὲ ἀρίστη· ἀριστολοχίας, ἴρεως Ἰλλυρικῆς, ναρδοστάχυος, πυρέθρου, δαύκου σπέρματος, βρυωνίας ῥίζης, γλυκυσίδης ῥίζης, ἐλλεβόρου μέλανος, ἀφρονίτρου, κυμίνου, κονύζης, σταφίδος ἀγρίας, δαφνίδων, κυτίνων, πετροσελίνου σπέρματος, κιναμώμου, σπονδυλίου, ἁλῶν, πιτύας λαγωοῦ, καρκίνου ποταμίου, χαλβάνης, ὀποῦ μήκωνος, βαλσάμου· πάντων ἴσα βαλὼν εἰς ὅλμον, κόψας καὶ σήσας, ἀνάπλασσε μετὰ καππάρεως χυλοῦ δραχμιαίους τροχίσκους, καὶ δίδου πιεῖν μετὰ δύο κυάθων οἴνου.

How many kinds of Phalangia or Spider there are; and remedies against them.

And of the Phalangia or Spider, the kinds indeed are more numerous, but those which for the most part are recorded by the writers on venomous beasts are six in number; for one of them is called rhagion, another lykos, another myrmekion, another kranokolaptes, another sklerokephalon, and another skolekion.

The rhagion therefore is round in shape, and black in color—for it has been made like a grape of a black cluster of grapes—, and it has six very small feet on each side, and its mouth under the belly. And the lykos, being second, is found spending its time among the spiders and catching flies and eating them, and it has a flat, rounded body, and the parts near its neck are incised, and from its mouth it has three smooth offshoots. And the myrmekion, being third, has been made like a large ant, sooty in color; and certain things like stars have been imprinted on its body, but rather along the back, as also Nicander. He testifies thus: "Fiery-red, indeed in dryness it seemed in form, speckled all over on its broad back with star-like spots." And the sklerokephalon, being fourth, has a stony and very hard head, and throughout its whole body it is outlined similarly to those creatures that fly around lamps. And the skolekion, being fifth, is oblong and somewhat speckled, and especially near the head. And the sixth is the kranokolaptes;

This is oblong and greenish, and it has the sting under the neck; this, falling upon, strikes the regions around the head. These indeed, on the one hand, are the kinds of phalangia, and the symptoms accompanying those having been bitten by them are common; and the bite is small and difficult to see, swelling, lividity, and in some also redness, coldness around the knees and loins and shoulder-blades; and sometimes there is also a heaviness throughout the whole body, and furthermore intense pain, trembling, paleness, sleeplessness, and in some also tension of the penis and itching around the wound, and sometimes also around the shins, eyes watery and weeping and sunken on account of the abdomen being abnormally distended. The whole body swells, both the face and especially the parts around the tongue, and indistinctness of speech occurs, and in some also difficulty in urinating, vomiting of watery matters similar to spider-webs, and sometimes through the urine and by way of the bowels the same things are excreted;

Often there is also a trembling throughout the whole body, and a tension around the hollows of the knees resembling a spasm, and a strong gnawing sensation around the stomach, and a cold sweat is secreted over the entire surface. And it happens that those who are immersed into hot water become free from pain, but after their removal they suffer pain intensely, and for the older patients the parts are relaxed for a considerable time and are not tensed. These symptoms, therefore, follow as common; but in some there is also pain in the head and darkening of vision, and when the cranocolaptes has struck, an intense chill, so as to be delirious, to suffer cardialgia, and to toss about. And all those bitten by a phalangium are helped by a continuous hot bath; and it is necessary to douse the wound with a decoction of trefoil and hot oil. And apply fig-tree ash with fine salts, having kneaded it with wine, or birthwort with barley meal, having moistened it with vinegar.

And foment the wounds with warmer sea-water or brine, or with a decoction of balm—and of this plant one should also apply the leaves as a poultice—, or with bulbs, or with knotgrass, or with leeks, or with bran boiled up with vinegar, or with barley meal, laurel leaves having been boiled down together with wine, or, dipping a new sponge into vinegar, foment the wound. And administer as a drink the seed of southernwood, and dill, and birthwort, and wild chickpea, and Ethiopian cumin, and smooth juniper berries, and bark of the plane tree, and the seed of the trefoil herb; of each individually there are given two drachms with one cyathus of wine; and likewise also the fruit of tamarisk, and of ground-pine, and the decoction of the green cones of the cypress being mixed with wine, or one drachm of pounded pellitory likewise being drunk. And some say that even a river crab, having been juiced with milk and having received in addition celery seed, immediately frees from the troublesome symptoms. Or, having ground pepper in one cyathus of wine, making a moderate thickness, give it to drink.

An antidote effective against those bitten by venomous spiders and stingrays and marine dragons, and the bites of moray eels and of all such kinds. And it is excellent: of birthwort, of Illyrian iris, of spikenard, of pellitory, of wild carrot seed, of bryony root, of peony root, of black hellebore, of aphronitrum, of cumin, of fleabane, of stavesacre, of bayberries, of pomegranate flowers, of stone-parsley seed, of cinnamon, of cow-parsnip, of salts, of hare's rennet, of river crab, of galbanum, of poppy juice, of balsam; having cast equal parts of all into a mortar, having pounded and having sifted, fashion with caper juice lozenges of a drachm's weight, and give to drink with two cyathi of wine.

ιϛ΄. Ἀσπίδων πόσαι διαφοραί.

τῶν μὲν ἀσπίδων ἐστὶν εἴδη κατὰ τοὺς θηριακοὺς τρία· αἱ μὲν γὰρ αὐτῶν εἰσι χερσαῖαι καλούμεναι, ⟨αἱ δὲ⟩ χελιδονίαι, αἱ δὲ ὀνομάζονται πτυάδες, μεγέθει δὲ αὗται καὶ χρόᾳ καὶ ἐνεργείᾳ ἀλλήλων διαφέρουσιν. αἱ μὲν γὰρ χερσαῖαι εὑρίσκονται πηχῶν τριῶν, ἐνίοτε δὲ καὶ τεσσάρων, πολλάκις δὲ καὶ πέντε· ἀνάλογα δὲ τῷ μήκει καὶ τὰ πάθη ἔχουσιν. αἱ δὲ πτυάδες αἱ μέγισται πηχῶν δύο, αἱ δὲ χελιδονίαι πήχεως ἑνός, κατὰ δὲ χρόαν τῶν χελιδονίων εἰσὶν ὅμοιαι, ὅθεν καὶ προσηγορεύθησαν· αἱ δὲ πτυάδες τεφρώδεις, ἔγχλωροι, χρυσίζουσαι, αἱ δὲ χερσαῖαι καὶ αὐταὶ ὁτὲ μὲν τεφρώδεις, ὁτὲ δὲ ἔγχλωροι εὑρίσκονται. κοινῶς δὲ παρέπεται τοῖς ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν δηχθεῖσιν κεντήματα ἐπὶ τοῦ δήγματος, ὡς βελόνης, δύο ἢ τέσσαρα, εἰ δὲ θηλυκὰ εἴη, ⟨τέσσαρα⟩, δίχα πόνου, μηδὲν ἀποκρίνοντα, εἰ μὴ βιαίως ἀποσπᾶσθαι τὸ ζῷον τύχοι. παρέπεται δὲ νάρκα, ὠχρίασις προσώπου, κατάψυξις, χασμαὶ συνεχεῖς, βλεφάρων ἐπιμύσεις, τραχήλου παρέγκλισις, καρηβαρία, νωθρία, καταφορὰ ὑπνώδης, σφυγμὸς ἀμετάβλητος, πρὸς τέλει δὲ σπασμός· ὁ δὲ θάνατος ἐν ὥραις δύο ἢ τρισὶν ἐπὶ τῆς χερσαίας, ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς χελιδονίας ἔτι καὶ συντομώτερον· τοῖς δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς πτυάδος προσεπτυσμένοις ἀμαύρωσις, διόγκωσις προσώπου καὶ ἀκοῆς ἀποκοπή, πόνος ἐλαφρὸς καὶ οὐκ ἄτερ ἡδονῆς, διὸ καλῶς ὁ Νίκανδρος.

ἔλεγεν· ‘καμάτου δ’ ἄτερ ὄλλυται ἀνήρ’· χρόα ἀτρόπιος καὶ χλοανθής, καρδιωγμὸς ὀλίγος, μέτωπον δὲ συνεχῶς ἀνασπᾶται, βλέφαρα ἀκινητεῖ μετὰ ἀναισθησίας ὁμοίως ὕπνῳ, κἂν τούτοις ὁ θάνατος συναιρεῖ, μηδὲ τρίτον ἡμέρας διαλιπών. βοηθοῦνται δὲ οἱ ὑπ’ αὐτῶν πληγέντες συντόμως ἀκρωτηριασμῷ, εἰ ἐνδέχεται τὸ δηχθὲν μέρος· εἰ δὲ μή, περικαρκιστέον παραχρῆμα καὶ ἐκτμητέον διὰ βάθους μέχρις ὀστέου, ὅπως ὑπεκδράμῃ μὲν τὰ δεδηγμένα μέρη καὶ τὰ τούτοις πλησίον, τὰ δὲ ὑπολειπόμενα τοῖς καυτῆρσιν ἀνικμαστέον. ἁπλοῖς δὲ βοηθήμασιν παραυτίκα χρηστέον τούτοις· ὄξος δριμύτατον δίδου πιεῖν, ἕως τῆς ποιότητος τοῦ ὄξους ἀντιλάβοιτο· τὸ γὰρ ἐν ταῖς ἀρτηρίαις αἷμα καὶ πνεῦμα τούτων ὁ ἰὸς ὀξυτάτως πήγνυσι, ὥσπερ καὶ ὁ τοῦ βασιλίσκου. κατὰ δὲ τῆς πληγῆς ἐπιτίθει κενταύριον σὺν σμύρνῃ καὶ ὀπίῳ συλλεάνας. ἄλλο· σίναπι μετὰ λινοσπέρμου σὺν ὄξει λεάνας ἐπίθες. εἰς δὲ τὸ γνῶναι, εἰ ζήσεται ὁ πεπληγμένος, κενταύριον λεάνας μετ’ οἴνου δίδου· ἐὰν ἐμέσῃ τὸ φάρμακον, ἀποθανεῖται, εἰ δὲ μή, σῴζεται. εἰς δὲ τὸ ἀπεράσαι τὴν ἐκ τῆς ἀντιδόσεως φαυλότητα καὶ τροπὴν τὴν ἐν τῷ στομάχῳ σκόρδα λεάνας δίδου μετὰ ζύθου, ἕως ὑποναύσιος γένηται, ἢ ὄποπάνακα δίδου ἐν κράματι, καὶ παραχρῆμα ἐνεργήσει. Νουμήνιος δέ φησιν ὁ θηριακός· τὴν Ἡρακλεωτικὴν ὀρίγανον, εἴτε ξηρὰν εἴτε χλωράν, λεάνας πρὸς δύναμιν δίδου μετ’ οἴνου. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ταῖς θηριακαῖς ἀντιδότοις χρηστέον καὶ τοῖς καθολικοῖς βοηθήμασιν τοῖς ἐν ἀρχῇ δεδηλωμένοις.

How many varieties of asps there are?

On the one hand, of the asps there are three kinds according to the writers on venomous beasts; for some of them are called terrestrial, ⟨and others⟩ swallow-asps, and others are named spitters, and these differ from one another in size and color and effect. For on the one hand, the terrestrial ones are found of three cubits, and sometimes even of four, and often even of five; and they have the symptoms also in proportion to the length.

And the spitting-asps, the largest, are of two cubits, and the swallow-asps of one cubit, and in color they are similar to swallows, whence also they were so named; and the spitting-asps are ash-colored, greenish, glinting with gold, and the land-asps themselves also are found at one time ash-colored, at another time greenish. And in common there follow for those bitten by them punctures upon the bite, as of a needle, two or four, and if they should be female, ⟨four⟩, without pain, discharging nothing, unless the animal should happen to be violently torn away. And there follow numbness, paleness of the face, chilling, continuous yawnings, closures of the eyelids, inclination of the neck, heaviness of the head, torpor, somnolent coma, unalterable pulse, and toward the end, spasm; and death occurs in two or three hours in the case of the land-asp, and in the case of the swallow-asp, even more rapidly; and for those spat upon by the spitting-asp, there occurs dimming of vision, swelling of the face, and cutting off of hearing, a light pain and not without pleasure, wherefore well did Nicander say: 'and without toil does the man perish';

The complexion is unchanging and greenish-yellow, there is slight heartburn, and the forehead is continuously drawn up, the eyelids are motionless with a loss of sensation similar to sleep, and in these conditions death cuts them short, not even letting a third of a day pass. And those struck by them are promptly helped by amputation, if the bitten part permits; but if not, one must immediately make circular incisions around it and excise deeply down to the bone, so that the bitten parts and those near them may drain away, and the remaining parts must be dried up with cauteries. And simple remedies must be used immediately for these: give the sharpest vinegar to drink, until he perceives the quality of the vinegar; for the venom of these coagulates the blood and pneuma in the arteries most swiftly, just like that of the basilisk. And upon the wound apply centaury, having ground it together with myrrh and opium. Another: having ground mustard with linseed and vinegar, apply it. And in order to know if the one who has been struck will live, give centaury, having ground it with wine; if he vomits the medicine, he will die, but if not, he is saved.

And for vomiting out the badness and turning in the stomach resulting from the antidote, give garlic, having ground it fine, with beer, until he becomes slightly nauseous, or give opopanax in a mixture, and immediately it will take effect. And Numenius the theriacist says: Heracleotic oregano, whether dry or fresh, having ground it fine, give according to strength with wine. And after these things, one must use the theriac antidotes and the general remedies declared in the beginning.

ιζ̅ ἔχις καὶ ἔχιδνα.

τοῖς δὲ ὑπὸ ἔχεως ἢ ἐχίδνης δηχθεῖσιν εὑρίσκομεν κεντήματα ὑπάρχοντα δύο ἢ τέσσαρα, εὐρύτερα δὲ ἢ ἐπὶ ἀσπίδος, δι' ὧν αἷμα ἐκκρίνεται πρῶτον, εἶτα αἱματώδης ἰχὼρ καὶ ἐλαιώδης καὶ χολώδης, ὄγκος διάπυρος, φλυκταινώδης, ὑπέρυθρος, εἶτα πελιὸς καὶ νεμόμενος, στόμα κατάξηρον, ἔγκαυσις, ἔκλυσις, φρικώδης διαδρομή, ποτὲ δὲ καὶ χολῆς ἔμετος, στρόφος, βάρος κεφαλῆς καὶ ὀσφύος, σκοτοδινία, ὠχρίασις, λυγμός, πυρετός, ταχύπνοια, χρῶμα μολιβδῶδες, ἱδρὼς ψυχρός.

ὁ δὲ θάνατος ἐν ἡμέραις ἑπτά, καὶ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖστον τῇ τρίτῃ, καὶ μάλιστα τοῖς ὑπὸ ἐχίδνης ἀδικηθεῖσιν. βοηθοῦσι δὲ καὶ τούτοις σπύραθοι αἰγῶν μετ' οἴνου λεανθεῖσαι καὶ καταπλασσόμεναι, καὶ δάφνη ὡσαύτως, καὶ ἀβρότονον καὶ χαλβάνη ἀντὶ σπληνίου ἐπιρριπτομένη, καὶ ὀρίγανος χλωρὰ λεανθεῖσα, καὶ τῶν ὀρνίθων οἱ νεοσσοὶ ἀναπτυσσόμενοι παραχρῆμα καὶ ἐπιτιθέμενοι, ἢ ὀρόβινον ἄλευρον σὺν οἴνῳ πεφυραμένον, καὶ ῥεφάνου φλοιὸς ἰσχυρῶς λεανθείς, καὶ σκίλλα ὀπτὴ καὶ χαμαίμηλον λελειωμένον, καὶ ὠμήλυσις δι' ὀξυμέλιτος ἐσκευασμένη προκαταντλουμένοις θερμῷ ὕδατι.

καὶ δάφνης φύλλοις μετ' ἐλαίου ἐπάλειφε καὶ τῇ ἀγρίᾳ μαλάχῃ μετ' ἀλφίτου, καὶ κατάπλασσε σεύτλου ῥίζῃ μετὰ ἀλφίτων καὶ ὄξους, ἢ ἴριδι σὺν ἀλφίτῳ, ἢ τιτάνῳ μετ' ἐλαίου, ἢ πεφωσμένοις ἁλσὶν μετὰ ὑσσώπου, ἢ ὀριγάνῳ σὺν μέλιτι. ὅταν δὲ ἐπεγερθῶσιν φλύκταιναι, τῶν καταπλασμάτων ἀφίστασθαι χρή, μὴ ἀποδαρῇ τὸ δέρμα· ὅταν δὲ οἱ ἰχῶρες ἐκρέωσιν, κατάντλει ὕδατι θερμῷ ἐπὶ πολὺν χρόνον, ἐπεὶ χεῖρον διατίθενται καταντληθέντες ἐπ' ὀλίγον. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα κατάπλασσε τὸ οἴδημα καὶ τὰς φλυκταίνας ἑφθῷ φακῷ λείῳ μετὰ μέλιτος, καὶ ταῦτα ποίει, ἕως ἀφυγιασθῶσιν.

πρὸ δὲ τοῦ γενέσθαι τὸ οἴδημα, πινέτωσαν πηγάνου ἀγρίου σπέρμα μετὰ γλυκέος κεκραμένου, καὶ ταρίχων χρηστῶν πλεῖον ἐσθίοντες μετὰ ἄρτου καὶ οἶνον πλείονα προσεπιρροφοῦντες ἄκρατον ἀπεράτωσαν, καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἀπέρασιν ἀριστολοχίαν πινέτωσαν ἐν γλυκεῖ κεκραμένῳ· καὶ ἄγχουσαν δὲ τὴν λεπτόφυλλον ἔνιοι περιάπτουσιν καὶ βοηθεῖν ὑπισχνοῦνται. πινέτωσαν δὲ καὶ λαγωοῦ τῆς πιτύας ὅσον τριώβολον ἐν οἴνῳ, καὶ πράσου χυλίσματος ὅσον ἡμικοτύλιον ἐν ἀκράτῳ, καὶ μελισσοφύλλου τῶν φύλλων τὸν χυλὸν σὺν οἴνῳ, σκόροδά τε ἐσθιόμενα καὶ κρόμμυα καὶ πράσα καὶ τάριχος δριμύτατος ὠφελεῖ· πότιζε δὲ αὐτοὺς καὶ καρκίνον ποτάμιον μετ' ἀκράτου.

καλῶς δὲ ποιεῖ ἐπ' αὐτῶν τοῦτο· κ̄ καρκίνους μετὰ ἱκανοῦ αἰρίνου ἀλεύρου κόψας ἐν ὅλμῳ ἐπιμελῶς καὶ προσμίξας καλαμίνθης καὶ ἁλὸς ὀλίγον τροχίσκους πλάσον καὶ ξήρανον· χρῶ δὲ καταπλάσματι μετὰ γάλακτος, καὶ ἕνα τροχίσκον σὺν μελικράτῳ πότιζε· ἢ φλοιὸν ῥεφάνου μετὰ μέλιτος ἐσθίειν δίδου, ἢ κόστου δραχμὰς β΄ λεάνας δίδου μετ' οἴνου πιεῖν.

Πολυείδης δὲ ὁ θηριακός φησιν· ἀλκιβιάδιον βοτάνην διαμασάσθω ὁ δηχθεὶς καὶ τὸν χυλὸν καταπινέτω, τὸ δὲ μασηθὲν ἐπιτιθέτω τῇ πληγῇ· κἂν ἐκπνέῃ τις καὶ χρῆται οὕτως, διασωθήσεται. ἐκ δὲ τῶν Ἀπολλωνίου Εὐπορίστων· ἄσβεστον πρόσφατον τρίψας καὶ οἴνῳ δεύσας καὶ ποιήσας μαλακὴν κατάπλασσε, καὶ τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ παντὸς οἰδήματος χρησιμώτατον. ἢ αἰγὸς σπυράθους χλωροὺς προεψημένους μετ' οἴνου ἱκανῶς τρίψας κατάπλασσε. τοῦτο πάντων τῶν καταπλασμάτων ἐστὶν ἰσχυρότατον· ποιεῖ δὲ καὶ πρὸς ἐρυσίπελας. ἐὰν δέ τις μελανθίου δραχμὴν ᾱ φάγῃ, οὐκ ἀποθνῄσκει. φάρμακον εὐδοκιμοῦν πρὸς ἐχεοδήκτους· ἔστιν δὲ σμύρνης, καστορίου, πεπέρεως, ἀνδράχνης καὶ ἄνθους καὶ σπέρματος ὀξυβάφου τὸ ἥμισυ. ταῦτα πάντα λέαινε ἐν γλυκεῖ Κρητικῷ ἢ ἑτέρῳ τινὶ τῶν σπουδαίων. Ἐρασίστρατος δὲ ἔγραψεν μὲν πολλά, πρὸς ἐχεοδήκτους, τὰ δὲ δοκιμώτατά φησι τάδε· τοὺς τῶν ὀρνίθων ἐγκεφάλους ἐν οἴνῳ πινομένους ἀρήγειν, καὶ τοῦ πάνακος τὴν ῥίζαν συγκαθεψομένην ἀκράτῳ, καὶ κράμβης ἡμέρου τοῦ σπέρματος ὀξύβαφον λεῖον πινόμενον μετ’ οἴνου· ἀγαθὸν δὲ καὶ τὸν δάκτυλον καταβάπτοντα εἰς πίσσαν ὑγράν, εἶτα ἀποκλύζοντα εἰς οἶνον πίνειν.

Viper and adder.

And in those bitten by a viper or an adder, we find punctures existing to be two or four, and wider than in the case of an asp, through which blood is secreted first, then a bloody, oily, and bilious ichor, a burning, blistered, reddish swelling, then livid and spreading, an extremely dry mouth, internal burning, faintness, a shivering sensation running through, and sometimes also vomiting of bile, colic, heaviness of the head and loins, vertigo, pallor, hiccup, fever, rapid breathing, a leaden color, cold sweat. And death occurs within seven days, and for the most part on the third, and especially in those harmed by an adder.

And goat dung-pellets, ground fine with wine and applied as a poultice, also benefit these cases, and laurel likewise, and southernwood, and galbanum applied instead of a compress, and fresh oregano ground fine, and the chicks of birds split open immediately and applied, or vetch meal mixed with wine, and the rind of radish thoroughly ground fine, and roasted squill, and chamomile ground smooth, and raw meal-paste prepared with oxymel, for those who have previously been bathed with warm water. And anoint with leaves of laurel with oil, and with wild mallow with barley-meal, and apply as a poultice the root of beet with barley-meal and vinegar, or with iris with barley-meal, or with lime with oil, or with roasted salts with hyssop, or with oregano with honey. But when blisters arise, it is necessary to abstain from the poultices, lest the skin be excoriated; and when the ichors flow out, bathe with warm water for a long time, since they fare worse having been bathed for a short time. And after these things, apply as a poultice to the swelling and the blisters boiled lentil ground smooth with honey, and do these things until they are fully restored to health.

And before the swelling occurs, let them drink the seed of wild rue with diluted sweet wine, and eating a greater amount of good salted fish with bread and supping down in addition more unmixed wine, let them vomit, and after the vomiting let them drink birthwort in diluted sweet wine; and some also bind on the fine-leaved alkanet and promise that it helps. And let them also drink of the rennet of a hare as much as three obols in wine, and of the juice of leek as much as half a cotyle in unmixed wine, and the juice of the leaves of balm with wine, and garlics eaten, and onions, and leeks, and very pungent salted fish benefit; and give them to drink also river crab with unmixed wine. And this acts well in their case; having diligently pounded 20 crabs in a mortar with a sufficient amount of darnel meal, and having mixed in a little calamint and salt, fashion into lozenges and dry; and use as a poultice with milk, and administer one lozenge to drink with hydromel; or give radish peel to eat with honey, or, having ground smooth two drachms of costus, give it to drink with wine. And Polyeidus the theriac-specialist says:

Let the one having been bitten thoroughly chew the alcibiadium herb and let him swallow down the juice, and let him place the chewed matter upon the wound; and even if someone is expiring and uses it in this manner, he will be thoroughly saved.
And from the Easily Procured Remedies of Apollonius; having ground fresh quicklime and having moistened it with wine and having made it soft, apply it as a plaster, and this is also most useful upon every swelling. Or, having thoroughly ground fresh dung-pellets of a goat, previously boiled with wine, apply them as a plaster. This is the most powerful of all the plasters; and it is also effective against erysipelas. And if someone should eat one drachm of black cumin, he does not die.
A remedy held in high repute against those bitten by vipers; and it consists of myrrh, castoreum, pepper, purslane, both the flower and the seed, half of an oxybaphon [of each]. Grind all these things fine in sweet Cretan wine or some other of the excellent wines.
And Erasistratus on the one hand wrote many things against those bitten by vipers, but on the other hand he says the most approved are these; that the brains of birds being drunk in wine bring aid, and the root of all-heal being boiled together with unmixed wine, and an oxybaphon of the seed of cultivated cabbage, ground smooth, being drunk with wine;

And it is good also, dipping the finger into liquid pitch, then rinsing it off into wine, to drink.

ΙΗ΄. Κεράστης.

Ὁ δὲ κεράστης, καθὼς οἱ θηριακοὶ ἱστοροῦσιν, μέγεθος ἔχει πήχεος ἑνός, ὁ δὲ μείζων πηχῶν δύο, τῷ δὲ χρώματί ἐστι ψαμμώδης, λελεπτισμένος κατὰ τὴν οὐράν. ἀποφύσεις δὲ ἔχει ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς δύο, ὡς ὁμοιοῦσθαι κέρασιν, ἀφ’ ὧν δὴ καὶ κεράστης ἐκλήθη. τὰ δὲ κατὰ τὴν κοιλίαν μέρη πεφολίδωται στοιχηδόν, ὅθεν ἐν τῷ ἕρπειν ἦχον ἀποτελεῖ συριγμῷ ὅμοιον ἐκ τῆς ἀντερείσεως τῆς πρὸς τὴν ἄμμον· πλαγίως δὲ καὶ οὐκ ἐπ’ εὐθείας ἕρπει. συμβαίνει δὲ τοῖς ὑπὸ τούτου δηχθεῖσιν ἐπανάστασις τοῦ δήγματος σκληρά, ὡς ἥλου κεφαλή· ἰχὼρ δὲ ἐκρεῖ οἰνωπὸς ἢ μελαινόμενος, κιρσοειδὴς δὲ γίνεται περὶ τὸ σύγκριμα ὅλον· καὶ τὸ μὲν αἰδοῖον τείνεται, ἡ δὲ διάνοια ἐξίσταται, ὀφθαλμῶν τε ἀμαύρωσις ἐπιγίγνεται· ὡς ἐπὶ πλεῖστον δὲ ἕως ἐννέα ἡμερῶν παρατείνουσιν οἱ πληγέντες. ἁρμόζει δὲ καὶ τούτοις ἀκρωτηριασμός, εἰ ἐνδέχεται· εἰ δὲ μή, περικαρκισμὸς ἕως ὀστέου καὶ καῦσις. βοηθοῦνται δὲ καταπλάσμασι τοῖς ἐπὶ τῶν ἐχεοδήκτων εἰρημένοις καὶ ποτοῖς, ἰδίως δὲ ἐπὶ τούτων καστόριον μετὰ μελικράτου δίδου πιεῖν, ἢ ῥεφάνου σπέρμα μετ’ οἴνου, ἢ ὀπὸν Κυρηναϊκὸν σὺν μελικράτῳ. συνενώσας δὲ καστόριον ἐλαίῳ συνάλειφε· ἅλας δὲ λεῖον κεδρίᾳ ἀναλαβὼν κατάπλασσε ἢ κρομμύοις λείοις μετ’ ὄξους. καταντλητέον δὲ αὐτοὺς ὄξει θερμῷ κατὰ τῆς πληγῆς, καὶ δοτέον ῥεφανίδας ὠμὰς καὶ ὕδωρ πολὺ πιόντας ἀναγκάζειν ἐμεῖν, εἶτα μετὰ τὸν ἔμετον προποτιστέον Αἰθιοπικοῦ κυμίνου καὶ σμύρνης ὀλίγον καὶ διαλείπειν, εἶτα πάλιν δοτέον ῥεφανίδας καὶ πράσα καὶ ἐπιπιεῖν οἶνον κεκραμένον πολὺν ἀθρόως καὶ ἀναγκάζειν ἐμεῖν· μετὰ δὲ τὸν ἔμετον ὀριγάνου τῆς κόμης κεκομμένης σὺν οἴνῳ δίδου. ἐσθιέτω δὲ καὶ ταριχηρὰ κρέα μετὰ ἄρτου ξηροῦ καὶ οἶνον πινέτω, ἄχρι ἂν ἐπὶ τὴν οὔρησιν ἀχθῇ τὸ αἴτιον. τοῖς δὲ καταπλάσμασιν συνεχέστερον χρηστέον.

Horned Viper or Cerastes.

And the Horned Viper or cerastes, just as the writers on venomous beasts relate, has a size of one cubit, and the larger one of two cubits, and in its color it is sandy, tapered at the tail. And it has two outgrowths upon the head, so as to be likened to horns, from which indeed it was also called cerastes. And the parts along the belly are scaled in rows, whence in crawling it produces a sound similar to a hissing from the resistance against the sand; and it crawls sideways and not in a straight line. And there happens to those bitten by this beast a hard swelling of the bite, like the head of a nail; and a wine-colored or blackening ichor flows out, and it becomes varicose around the whole composite structure; and the private part indeed is distended, and the mind is deranged, and a dimming of the eyes supervenes; and for the most part those who have been struck survive up to nine days. And amputation is suitable also for these, if it is possible;

And if not, a circular incision down to the bone and cauterization must be performed. And they are helped by the poultices mentioned for those bitten by vipers and by drinks, but specifically in these cases give castoreum with hydromel to drink, or radish seed with wine, or Cyrenaic juice with hydromel. And having combined castoreum with oil, anoint therewith; and having taken up ground salt with cedar-resin, apply as a poultice, or with ground onions with vinegar. And they must be douched with warm vinegar over the wound, and raw radishes must be given, and having drunk much water they must be compelled to vomit, then after the vomiting one must give to drink beforehand a little Ethiopian cumin and myrrh and leave an interval, then again radishes and leeks must be given, and they must drink down much diluted wine all at once and be compelled to vomit; and after the vomiting, the chopped foliage of oregano with wine must be given. Give [it]. And let [the patient] eat also salted meats with dry bread and let [him] drink wine, until the cause is led to urination. And the poultices must be used more continuously.

⟨ιθ⟩ πρηστῆρες καὶ ἕρπητες.

παραδίδωσιν δὲ ἡμῖν ὁ αὐτὸς Ἀπολλώνιος ἐν τοῖς Εὐπορίστοις βοηθήματα πρὸς πρηστῆρας καὶ ἕρπητας· οὐχ ηὗρον δὲ παρὰ τοῖς θηριακοῖς τὰ γένη ταῦτα τῶν ζῴων, μόνα δὲ τὰ βοηθήματα ὑπογράψω, ὡς ηὗρον παρὰ τῷ Ἀπολλωνίῳ. ἔστι δὲ ⟨τάδε⟩· πρὸς μὲν πρηστῆρας ἀδράχνῃ καὶ ἀλφίτοις καταπλάσσειν, ἢ ἀμπέλου φύλλα ἑφθὰ μετὰ μέλιτος, ἐσθίειν δὲ τάριχον ὠμὸν καὶ πίνειν ἀκρατέστερον οἶνον καὶ κελεύειν ἐμεῖν. πρὸς δὲ ἕρπητας τὸ μὲν δῆγμα καταντλητέον ὕδατι πολλῷ θερμῷ, καταπλαστέον δὲ ἀλεύρῳ κριθίνῳ μετ’ ὄξους ἡψημένου, ποτιστέον δὲ οἴνῳ κεκραμένῳ ἢ ὄξει.

Presteres and herpetes.

And the same Apollonius hands down to us in the Easily Procurable Remedies remedies against presteres and herpetes; but I did not find these kinds of animals in the writers on venomous beasts, and I shall write down only the remedies, just as I found [them] in Apollonius. And they are ⟨these⟩: against presteres indeed, to apply a poultice of purslane and barley-groats, or boiled vine-leaves with honey, and to eat raw salt-meat and to drink rather unmixed wine and to bid [the patient] to vomit. And against herpetes, the bite indeed must be doused with much warm water, and a poultice must be applied of barley-meal with boiled vinegar, and [the patient] must be given to drink diluted wine or vinegar.

κ̄ διψὰς τὸ θηρίον.

ἡ δὲ διψὰς καλεῖται ὑπ’ ἐνίων θηριακῶν καύσων ὄφις. ἔστι δὲ κατὰ τὸ μέγεθος πήχεος ἑνός, ἐκ παχέος ἐπὶ λεπτὸν ἠγμένη· περιέρρανται δὲ καθ’ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα μελαίναις στιγμαῖς καὶ κιρραῖς, ἔχει δὲ τὴν κεφαλὴν στενοτάτην. τοῖς δὲ δηχθεῖσιν ὑπ’ αὐτῆς παρέπεται ἅμα τῇ δήξει οἴδημα, φλεγμονὴ ἀντίτυπος. κοινὰ μὲν οὖν ταῦτα καὶ ἄλλοις ....... διὰ δὲ ταῦτα ὀρεκτικώτερος ὁ πάσχων γίνεται πολὺ καυσούμενος, πλείονος δὲ μεταλαμβάνων ποτοῦ, οὐδὲν ἐκκρίνει οὔτε δι’ οὔρων οὔτε δι’ ἱδρώτων οὔτε δι’ ἐμέτων. ἀπόλλυνται οὖν κατὰ δύο αἰτίας, ἢ δίψῃ πολλῇ πιεζόμενοι, εἰ μὴ λαμβάνοιεν ποτόν, ⟨ἢ λαμβάνοντες ποτὸν⟩ ἀπὸ πολλῆς πληρώσεως ἢ κατὰ τοὺς βουβῶνας κάτω ἢ πρὸς τῷ ἐπιγαστρίῳ ὡς ἐπὶ ὑδρωπικῶν τῶν καθ’ ὑπέρχυσιν ῥηγνυμένων. βοηθοῦνται δὲ καὶ οὗτοι ⟨τοῖς⟩ ἐπ’ ἐχεοδήκτων εἰρημένοις, ὡς ἱστορεῖ Ἀπολλώνιος ἐν τοῖς Εὐπορίστοις, ἐν δὲ τοῖς Στράτωνος οὐ κεῖται περὶ διψάδος. ὡς δὲ παρὰ τοῖς θηριακοῖς ηὕρομεν, ἰδίως ἐπὶ τούτων φασὶν τοῖς διουρητικοῖς βοηθήμασι χρῆσθαι, ὡς τῷ ἀφεψήματι τοῦ σελίνου, νάρδου καὶ κιναμώμου καὶ τῶν ὁμοίων, καὶ προσδιδόντας ἔλαιον ἐμεῖν ἀναγκάζειν· χρῆσθαι δὲ καὶ κλυσμοῖς.

ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν εὐτόνων καὶ φλεβοτομίαν παραληπτέον, κατὰ δὲ τῶν πεπληγμένων μερῶν ἄσβεστος μετ’ ἐλαίου ὠφελεῖ καταπλασσομένη, καὶ ἄλλαις δὲ ἐπισπαστικαῖς δυνάμεσιν οἰκείως ἔστι χρῆσθαι, ὡς τῇ δι’ ἁλῶν καὶ τῇ διὰ δαφνίδων καὶ τῇ λευκῇ καὶ ταῖς ἐπὶ κυνοδήκτων γεγραμμέναις.

The beast dipsas.

And the dipsas is called by some writers on venomous beasts the causon snake. And it is in size of one cubit, drawn out from thick to thin;

And they are sprinkled over the whole body with black and tawny spots, and it has a very narrow head. And for those who have been bitten by it, there follows simultaneously with the bite a swelling, a resistant inflammation. These things, therefore, are indeed common also to others ....... and because of these things, the sufferer becomes more desirous, being greatly burned with fever, and partaking of more drink, he excretes nothing, neither through urine nor through sweats nor through vomits. They perish, therefore, due to two causes: either being oppressed by great thirst, if they should not receive drink, ⟨or, receiving drink,⟩ from great repletion, bursting either down at the groins or near the epigastrium, just as in the case of dropsical patients who burst from effusion. And these also are helped by ⟨the remedies⟩ spoken of for those bitten by vipers, as Apollonius records this in the Euporista, but in the writings of Straton there is nothing set down concerning the dipsas.And as we found in the writers on venomous beasts, they say that specifically in the case of these patients one must employ diuretic remedies, such as the decoction of celery, of nard and cinnamon and similar things, and, administering oil in addition, compel them to vomit; and that one must also employ enemas. And in the case of the robust, venesection also must be adopted, and upon the stricken parts, quicklime smeared on as a plaster with oil is beneficial, and it is also appropriate to employ other drawing remedies, such as the one by means of salts, and the one by means of bayberries, and the white plaster, and those written for the dog-bitten.

κα`Αἱμόρρους καὶ αἱμορροΐς.

τὰ ζῷα ταῦτά ἐστι μὲν κατὰ χρόαν ψαμμώδη, κατὰ δὲ μέγεθος παλαιστῶν τριῶν, ἀγόμενα [μὲν] εἰς μικρὸν καὶ μείουρον. ἕρπει δὲ ἐπ᾿ εὐθεῖαν καὶ βραδέως, καθ᾿ ὅλον δὲ τὸ σῶμα διακεκόσμηται στιγμαῖς πολλαῖς λευκαῖς καὶ μελαίναις. λέγεται δὲ καὶ πεφολιδῶσθαι τραχυτάταις φολίσιν, ἐν δὲ τῇ πορείᾳ ἦχον ἐξακούεσθαι συριγμοῦ παραπλήσιον. ἡ μὲν οὖν θήλεια ἐγκειμένη τῇ γαστρὶ ἐπὶ γῆς ἕρπει, καὶ ἡ ἕδρα αὐτῆς 〈περὶ τὴν οὐρὰν〉 κάτω τέτακται, ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ ἄρρενος πρὸς τῇ γαστρί. παρέπεται δὲ τούτων τοῖς δήγμασιν τόπος ἔναιμος καὶ κακόχρους, μελανίζων, μηδὲν ἀποκρίνων εἰ μὴ ὀλίγον ὑδατῶδες, στομάχου πόνος, δύσπνοια, 〈αἱμορραγία〉 διὰ 〈τῶν〉 μυκτήρων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν τρήσεων τοῦ δήγματος, καὶ οὐλαί, ὅσαι εἰσὶ κατὰ τὸ σῶμα, ἀπορρήγνυνται καὶ αἱμορροοῦσιν. καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἄρρενος, ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς αἱμορροΐδος πρὸς τούτοις καὶ κανθοὶ αἱμορροοῦσιν καὶ οὖλα τῶν ὀδόντων, καὶ ἐκ τῶν ῥιζῶν 〈τῶν ὀν〉υχίων καὶ ἁπλῶς διὰ παντὸς τοῦ σώματος φέρεται τὸ αἷμα· συμβαίνει δὲ πρὸς τούτοις καὶ σῆψις οὔλων καὶ ἔκπτωσις ὀδόντων. ἐπιμελεῖσθαι δὲ τούτων χρὴ πρῶτον μὲν πρὸς τὴν αἱμορραγίαν ἐνιστάμενον, εἶτα καταπλάσσειν τὸ δῆγμα ἀμπέλου φύλλοις ἑφθοῖς μετὰ μέλιτος ἢ ἀνδράχνης φύλλοις σὺν ἀλφίτῳ. τοῖς μὲν οὖν ὑπογύως δεδηγμένοις πρὸ τοῦ δίαιμον οὐρῆσαι, δοτέον σκόροδα πολλὰ καὶ οἶνον κεκραμένον πολὺν καὶ ἐμεῖν ἀναγκαστέον, ἔπειτα ἰχθύας πολλοὺς μετὰ σκορόδων σὺν ἐλαίῳ τετριμμένων προσενεκτέον καὶ ἄρτον καὶ οἶνον ὑδαρῆ πολύν, καὶ ἐπιβρωτέον σταφίδα γλυκεῖαν πολλήν, καὶ πάλιν οἶνον ποτίσαντα κελεύειν ἐμεῖν. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ποτιστέον λεκίθου ᾠοῦ τὸ τρίτον μέρος καὶ μήκωνος ὀποῦ ὅσον ἔστι καὶ ἴρεως 〈δραχμῆς〉 α΄ μετὰ γλυκέος· εἶτα τούτοις δοτέον καὶ γλυκὺν κεκραμένον πιεῖν, καὶ τὸ δῆγμα ὕδατι ψυχρῷ καταντλητέον, τοῖς δὲ παλαιοτέροις γλυκὺν δοτέον μετὰ θερμοῦ πολλοῦ. μετὰ δὲ τὸν ἔμετον ἰχθύας ἀπ᾿ ἀνθράκων προσενεκτέον, καὶ τῷ πόματι παραπλησίως χρηστέον, καὶ τὴν κύστιν σπόγγοις πολλοῖς πυριατέον. ἐκ δὲ τῶν Στράτωνος· ᾠοῦ τὸ λευκὸν μετ᾿ οἰνομέλιτος δίδου πιεῖν, ἢ ῥεφάνου σπέρμα μετ᾿ οἴνου. κατάπλασσε δὲ ἁλὶ λείῳ ἀναληφθέντι πίσσῃ ὑγρᾷ.

The Haemorrhous and the Haemorrhois.

These animals are, on the one hand, sandy in color, and in size of three palms, being drawn [μὲν] into a small and tapering tail. And it crawls in a straight line and slowly, and over its whole body it is adorned with many white and black spots. And it is said also to be covered with scales of the roughest kind, and in its progress a sound is heard closely resembling a hissing.

On the one hand, therefore, the female, pressing upon her belly, creeps upon the ground, and her anus is situated below around the tail, but in the case of the male, near the belly.

And there follows upon the bites of these a bloody and ill-colored site, blackening, secreting nothing except a little watery fluid, pain of the stomach, difficulty of breathing, hemorrhage through the nostrils and from the punctures of the bite, and scars, as many as are on the body, burst open and bleed.
And these things indeed occur in the case of the male, but in the case of the haemorrhois, in addition to these, both the corners of the eyes bleed and the gums of the teeth, and from the roots of the nails, and simply through the whole of the body the blood is discharged; and there occurs in addition to these both putrefaction of the gums and falling out of the teeth.
And it is necessary to treat these, first indeed opposing the hemorrhage, then plastering the bite with boiled leaves of the vine with honey, or with leaves of purslane with barley-meal.

To those, therefore, who have been recently bitten, before urinating bloody urine, one must give many garlics and much mixed wine and compel them to vomit, then one must offer many fish with garlics ground with oil, and bread and much watery wine, and one must additionally eat many sweet raisins, and again, having given them wine to drink, bid them to vomit. And after these things, one must give to drink the third part of the yolk of an egg, and of poppy juice as much as there is, and of iris 〈of a drachma〉 1 with sweet wine; then to these one must also give mixed sweet wine to drink, and the bite must be doused with cold water, but to those of longer standing one must give sweet wine with much hot water. And after the vomiting, one must offer fish from the coals, and use the drink in a similar manner, and foment the bladder with many sponges. And from the writings of Straton; give the white of an egg with hydromel to drink, or radish seed with wine. And plaster it with smooth salt taken up with liquid pitch.

κβ`᾿Αμμοδύτης καὶ μύαγρος.

〈Ὁ〉 ἀμμοδύτης κατὰ μὲν μέγεθος εὑρίσκεται πήχεος — μείζων γὰρ οὐ γίνεται —, ψαμμώδης δὲ κατὰ χρόαν· κατὰ δὲ τοῦ σώματος στίγμαις μελαίναις συγκεχάρακται, ἔχει δὲ οὐρὰν ἀπόσκληρον καὶ ἄνωθεν διεσχισμένην. ὠνόμασται δὲ ὑπό τινων 〈καὶ〉 κεχρίας. ἔχει δὲ καὶ τὰς σιαγόνας πλατυτέρας. τοῖς δὲ ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ πεπληγόσιν παρέπεται τὸ συντόμως μὲν ὡς ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἀπόλλυσθαι. τὸ δὲ ζῷον αὐτὸ σπειρηδὸν προσβάλλει δεινόν, ὅθεν καὶ οὕτως προσηγορεύθη. συμβαίνει δὲ τοῖς πεπληγμένοις ἔμετος καὶ 〈ἰχῶρος〉 ἔκκρισις ἀπὸ τῆς τρώσεως, καὶ οἴδημα γίγνεται, μετ᾿ ὀλίγον δὲ καὶ πάλιν ἰχωρροεῖ· παρακολουθεῖ δὲ καρηβαρία καὶ λειποθυμία. Ἐρασίστρατος δέ φησι πεπονθέναι αὐτοῖς τὸ ἧπαρ καὶ τὴν κύστιν καὶ τὸ κόλον· ἀνατμηθέντων γὰρ αὐτῶν διεφθαρμένα πως εὑρίσκεται ταῦτα τὰ μέρη. θνήσκουσιν δὲ 〈ἐν〉 ἡμέραις τρισίν, τινὲς δὲ παραμένουσιν μέχρι τῆς ἑβδόμης· ὀξύτερος δὲ γίνεται ὁ θάνατος, ὅταν τις ὑπὸ θηλυκοῦ ζῴου πληγῇ.

βοηθοῦνται δὲ οὗτοι πρῶτον μὲν τοῖς βοηθήμασιν τοῖς κοινοῖς, ὁμοίως ἀποσφίγξει, κατασχασμῷ, σικυῶν προσβολῇ, περιγλύψει τοῦ πεπονθότος τόπου. ἰδίως δὲ ἐπὶ τούτων βοηθεῖ πινόμενον ἡδύοσμον σὺν ὀξυμέλιτι καὶ καστόριον καὶ κινάμωμον ὁμοίως, κενταυρίου ῥίζης ⟨δραχμὰς⟩ β̅ σὺν οἴνῳ κ⟨οτύλας⟩ γ̅, ἢ ἀριστολοχίας ῥίζα ὡσαύτως, κάρδαμον καὶ γεντιανὴ παραπλησίως. ὁ μέντοι πεπονθὼς τόπος καταπλασσέσθω θριδακίνης καρπῷ μετὰ λινοσπέρμου καὶ θύμβρα καὶ ἀγρίῳ πηγάνῳ ἢ ἡμέρῳ ⟨καὶ⟩ ἑρπύλλῳ σὺν ἀσφοδέλῳ λελειωμένοις· τροφαῖς δὲ εὐχύλοις χρῆσθαι. ὡς δὲ ἐν ἄλλῳ ηὗρον, ἐπικοινωνεῖ πως ἡ θεραπεία καὶ τὰ βοηθήματα ἐπὶ κεράστου καὶ ἀμμοδύτου καὶ σηπός· ὅμοια γὰρ καὶ τὰ συμπτώματα τῶν τριῶν εἰδῶν. πρὸς δὲ τοῖς προειρημένοις ποιεῖ καὶ ἡ ἀρτεμισία βοτάνη ὅσον ⟨δραχμὴν⟩ α̅ τοῦ χυλοῦ μεθ’ ὕδατος κ⟨οτύλαις⟩ γ̅ ἢ δ̅ πινομένη· καὶ ἡ Μιθριδάτειος δέ, εἰ παρείη, ἀντίδοτος προσενεκτέα. χρῆσθαι δὲ καὶ ταῖς προγεγραμμέναις, μάλιστα τῇ διὰ κενταυρίου χυλοῦ καὶ ὀποῦ Κυρηναικοῦ. ποιεῖ δὲ καὶ τὸ μέλαν ξηρὸν τοῖς ἕλκεσιν ἐπιτιθέμενον, καὶ φακὸς ἑφθὸς λεῖος μετὰ μέλιτος καὶ σιδίων καταπλαττόμενος, καὶ ὅσα πρὸς νομὰς ἁρμόζουσιν. τὰ αὐτὰ δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ μυάγρου παρακολουθεῖ, καὶ τοῖς αὐτοῖς θεραπεύεται.

Ammodytes and myagros.

〈The〉 ammodytes in size indeed is found to be of a cubit—for it does not become larger—, and sandy in color;

And along its body it is variegated with black spots, and it has a very hard tail that is split from above. And it has been named by some 〈also〉 kechrias. And it also has broader jaws. And for those who have been struck by it, there follows, for the most part, perishing quickly. And the animal itself strikes terribly in a coiled fashion, whence also it was thus named. And there happens to those who have been struck vomiting and an excretion of 〈ichor〉 from the wound, and swelling occurs, and after a little while it also discharges ichor again; and there follows heaviness of the head and fainting. And Erasistratus says that in them the liver and the bladder and the colon have suffered; for when they are dissected, these parts are found somehow corrupted. And they die 〈in〉 three days, but some survive until the seventh; and death becomes more rapid whenever someone is struck by a female animal. And these are helped first indeed by the common remedies, likewise by constriction, scarification, the application of cupping-glasses, and excision around the affected part.

And specifically in these cases, mint drunk with oxymel is beneficial, and castoreum and cinnamon likewise, 2 ⟨drachms⟩ of centaury root with 3 ⟨kotylai⟩ of wine, or birthwort root likewise, cardamom and gentian in like manner. However, let the affected part be plastered with the seed of lettuce along with linseed, and savory, and wild or cultivated rue, ⟨and⟩ wild thyme, ground smooth with asphodel; and one must use nutritious foods. And as I found in another source, the treatment and the remedies for the horned viper, the sand-viper, and the seps are somewhat shared; for the symptoms of the three species are also similar. And in addition to the aforementioned, the herb artemisia also acts beneficially, as much as 1 ⟨drachm⟩ of the juice being drunk with 3 or 4 ⟨kotylai⟩ of water; and the Mithridatic antidote, if it should be available, must also be administered. And one must also use the previously prescribed remedies, especially the one prepared with centaury juice and Cyrenaic juice. And the dry black remedy also acts beneficially when applied to the ulcers, as does boiled lentil, ground smooth, applied as a plaster with honey and pomegranate peels, and whatever things are suitable for spreading ulcers.

And the same things also follow in the case of the myagros, and it is treated with the same remedies.

κγ̅. Σὴψ τὸ ζῷον.

Ὁ δὲ λεγόμενος σὴψ κατὰ μὲν τὸ μέγεθος εὑρίσκεται πηχῶν δύο, ἐκ πάχους δὲ ἐπὶ λεπτὸν ἧκται. ἔστι δὲ οὗτος εὐθύπορος καὶ βραδύπορος, τὴν δὲ κεφαλὴν ἔχει πλατεῖαν, στόμα δὲ ἄποξυ· κατέρρανται δὲ καθ’ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα στιγμαῖς λευκαῖς. συμβαίνει δὲ τοῖς ὑπὸ τούτου δηχθεῖσιν ἀπὸ μὲν τῶν τρήσεων ἐμφανῶν οὐσῶν αἷμα ἐκκρίνεσθαι, καὶ μετ’ ὀλίγον ἰχῶρα δυσώδη, οἴδημά τε καὶ ἄλγημα ⟨νωθρόν⟩. τὰ δὲ πεπονθότα μέρη σηπόμενα λευκαίνεται, ἀλφοειδὴς δὲ καθ’ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα ἐπι⟨γίνεται⟩ χρόα, ῥύσεις τε τριχῶν τῶν καθ’ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα. τελευτῶσιν δὲ μέχρι τριῶν ⟨ἢ τεσσάρων⟩ ἡμερῶν. βοηθοῦνται δὲ καὶ οὗτοι τοῖς ἐπὶ κεράστου καὶ ἀμμοδύτου εἰρημένοις βοηθήμασιν. καὶ ᾿Απολλώνιος δὲ ἐν τοῖς Εὐπορίστοις ὑποτίθεται ἐπὶ τούτων βοηθήματα τάδε· βούτυρον μετὰ μέλιτος ἐνάλειφε τὸν δεδηγμένον τόπον. πότιζε δὲ τρύγα μελικράτου προσφάτου, ἐπιβάλλων ὄξος καὶ ἀποσειρώσας, ἢ ὀξύμελι ἢ μαράθρου καρπὸν ἑφθὸν μετ᾿ οἴνου λευκοῦ κοτύλης ἥμισυ, ἢ πάνακος ⟨ῥίζαν⟩ ὁμοίως σύμμετρον μετ᾿ οἴνου δίδου· συμφέρει δὲ καὶ σπόγγους ὄξει θερμῷ βεβρεγμένους τῷ δήγματι προστιθέναι. ἐκ δὲ τῶν Στράτωνος· χυλὸν ἀνδράχνης ὡς πλεῖστον δίδου πιεῖν, ἢ μυρτίτην οἶνον ζωρότερον δίδου, ἢ ἀμπέλου ⟨ἕλικα⟩ς σὺν οἴνῳ ⟨καὶ⟩ ὄξει λειώσας δίδου πίνειν.

The animal seps.

And the so-called seps is found, in respect to size, to be of two cubits, and from thickness it has been drawn out to thinness. And this is straight-moving and slow-moving, and it has a broad head, and a sharp mouth; and it is sprinkled over its whole body with white spots. And it happens to those bitten by this [animal] that blood is secreted from the punctures, which are visible, and after a little while a foul-smelling ichor, and both swelling and a ⟨dull⟩ pain. And the affected parts, rotting, become white, and an alphos-like color ⟨comes upon⟩ the whole body, and shedding of the hairs over the whole body. And they die within three ⟨or four⟩ days. And these also are helped by the remedies spoken of for the horned viper and the sand-viper. And Apollonius also in his Easily Procurable Remedies prescribes for these cases the following remedies: anoint the bitten place with butter along with honey.

And administer as a drink the dregs of fresh hydromel, adding vinegar and having boiled [it] down, or oxymel, or the boiled fruit of fennel with half a cotyle of white wine, or likewise give a proportionate ⟨root⟩ of panax with wine; and it is also beneficial to apply sponges soaked in warm vinegar to the bite. And from the [writings] of Straton: give as much juice of purslane as possible to drink, or give stronger myrtle-wine, or, having ground smooth ⟨tendril⟩s of the vine with wine ⟨and⟩ vinegar, give [it] to drink.

κδ̅. Ὕδρος καὶ χέρσυδρος.

Ὁ μὲν ὄφις οὗτος κατὰ τοῦτο ὠνόμασται χέρσυδρος· ἐν μὲν γὰρ ταῖς ἀρχαῖς διατρίβει ἐν ⟨τοῖς⟩ ἐνύδροις τόποις καὶ λέγεται ὕδρος, μετέπειτα δὲ ἐν τοῖς καταξήροις τόποις, καὶ κατ᾿ ἐπισύνθεσιν τῶν τόπων τοὔνομα κέκτηται. ἐν τῇ χέρσῳ ⟨οὖν⟩ διατρίβων καλεῖται χέρσυδρος, ὅτε δὴ καὶ χαλεπώτερος ἑαυτοῦ μᾶλλον γίγνεται· ἐν μὲν γὰρ τοῖς καθύγροις ⟨τόποις⟩ τῆς ὑγρᾶς ἐμφορούμενος τροφῆς οὐκ ἄκρατον τὸν ἰὸν ἔχει, χερσαῖος δὲ γενόμενος εἰλικρινέστατον τοῦτον ἴσχει καὶ χαλεπώτερον. ὡμοίωται δὲ ἀσπίδι χερσαίᾳ μικρᾷ δίχα τοῦ πλατύνειν τὸν αὐχένα· τοῦτο γὰρ ἐξαίρετον μόναι αἱ ἀσπίδες ἔχουσιν. τοῖς οὖν ὑπὸ τούτων δηχθεῖσιν πλατύνεται τὸ ἕλκος ⟨καὶ⟩ διόγκωσις συμβαίνει, πόνος συνεχής, πυρώδης, πελιὸς ὁ τόπος καὶ τρυγώδης, ἴλιγγοι, ἐκλύσεις, ἀπορίαι, ἔμετοι χολωδῶν δυσωδῶν· κατὰ δὲ τὸ ἴδιον κίνησις ὅλου τοῦ σώματος ⟨ἄτακτος⟩, ὡς καὶ κατὰ κοιλίαν τινὰ φέρεσθαι ἀνοίκεια, καὶ περίπρησις ὅλου τοῦ σώματος. ὁ δὲ θάνατος μέχρι διὰ τρίτης. ἴασις δὲ τοῦ κακοῦ σὺν χρόνῳ ⟨γίνεται⟩ καὶ μόλις κατορθοῦται. βοηθοῦνται δὲ οὗτοι ἐκ τῶν κοινῶν βοηθημάτων, καὶ ἰδίως τοῖσδε· πρῶτον μὲν ἀντιδότοις θηριακαῖς ταῖς προγεγραμμέναις, ἔτι...

δὲ καὶ τούτοις· κυπαρίσσου καρποῦ δραχμὴν ᾱ, μυρσίνης καρποῦ δραχμὴν ᾱ· ταῦτα κοπέντα καὶ συλλεανθέντα διδόναι πιεῖν σὺν ὑδρομέλιτι ἢ οἰνομέλιτι· ἢ ἀριστολοχίας δραχμὰς β̄ ἢ ἐν κράματι ἢ ὀξυκράτῳ κυάθους δ̄, ἢ πρασίου χυλόν, ἢ ἀφέψημα ὁποτέρου σὺν οἴνῳ, ἢ πρόσφατον κηρίον μετ' ὄξους, κατὰ δὲ τῶν πεπονθότων τόπων ἄσβεστος ἐπιτιθέσθω σὺν ἐλαίῳ λελειωμένη, ἢ ὀρίγανος ἀναφυραθεῖσα ὕδατι, ἢ δρυὸς ῥίζης ὁ φλοιὸς λειοτριβηθεῖς καὶ κρίθινον ἄλευρον μετὰ μέλιτος συντετηκός. χρώμεθα δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπισπαστικοῖς.

Hydrus and chersydrus.

This serpent indeed has been named chersydrus for this reason; for in the beginning indeed it dwells in ⟨the⟩ watery places and is called hydrus, but afterwards in parched places, and by a combination of the places it has acquired the name. Dwelling ⟨therefore⟩ on the dry land it is called chersydrus, at which very time indeed it also becomes much more dangerous than itself; for in the very wet ⟨places⟩ indeed, being filled with wet food, it does not have its venom unmixed, but having become a land-dweller, it possesses this [venom] most pure and more dangerous. And it resembles a small land asp, apart from expanding its neck;

For the asps alone possess this exceptional property. Therefore, in those bitten by these, the wound widens ⟨and⟩ swelling occurs, continuous, burning pain, the site [becomes] livid and dreg-like, vertigos, faintings, distresses, vomitings of foul-smelling bilious matters; and as a specific symptom, [there is] ⟨disorderly⟩ movement of the whole body, so that even certain unnatural things are discharged through the bowels, and inflation of the entire body. And death [occurs] within three days. And the cure of the affliction ⟨takes place⟩ over time and is achieved with difficulty. And these patients are helped by the common remedies, and specifically by these: first indeed with the previously prescribed theriac antidotes, and furthermore... also with these: of cypress fruit, one drachm; of myrtle fruit, one drachm; give these, pounded and ground together, to drink with hydromel or honeyed wine;

Either two drachms of birthwort, either in a mixture of wine and water or in four cyathi of oxycrate, or juice of horehound, or a decoction of either with wine, or fresh honeycomb with vinegar; and upon the affected parts let quicklime, ground smooth with oil, be applied, or oregano kneaded with water, or the bark of an oak root ground smooth, and barley meal melted together with honey. And we also use the other drawing applications.

κε΄. Περὶ δρυΐνου.

οἱ δὲ λεγόμενοι δρυΐναι ὄφεις πλεονάζουσιν μᾶλλον κατὰ τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον, ἐμφωλεύουσι δὲ ἐν ταῖς τῶν δρυῶν ῥίζαις, ὅθεν καὶ δρυΐναι λέγονται. εἰσὶ δὲ δυσώδεις, διὸ καὶ μὴ ὁρώμενοι γνωρίζονται, ἔνθα εἰσίν· ἔστι δὲ ὡσεὶ πηχῶν β̄, καταπίμελος δέ, φολίσιν καθ' ὅλον τὸ σῶμα πεφρουρημένος τραχυτάταις· ἐν δὲ ταύταις ταῖς φολίσιν ἐμφωλεύειν φασὶν μυίας τὰς χαλκοπτέρους, αὗται δὲ ἀναιροῦσιν τοὺς ὄφεις. τοῖς οὖν ὑπὸ τούτων δηχθεῖσιν παρακολουθεῖ τάδε· οἴδημα μελανίζον, ἄλγημα σφοδρόν, νομή, παρακοπή, ξηρότης σώματος, λυγμός, ἔμετος χολωδῶν, οὔρων ἐποχή, ἀφωνία, κάρος, τρόμος καὶ μετὰ ῥωγμοῦ θάνατος, τοῖς δὲ πατήσασιν αὐτὸν ἐκδορὰ σκελῶν καὶ οἰδήματα, καὶ καθ' ὅλου κατὰ νέκρωσιν τῶν δηχθέντων τόπων ὁ θάνατος τοῖς πλείστοις· οὕτω δὲ δυναμικώτατος ὁ ἰός, ὡς καὶ τοὺς θεραπεύοντας ἰατροὺς τὰς χεῖρας βλάπτειν. βοηθεῖ δὲ καὶ τούτοις ἀριστολοχία μετ' οἴνου πινομένη καὶ ἡ τρίφυλλος πόα, ῥίζα τε ἀσφοδέλου παραπλησίως λαμβανομένη, καὶ δρυὸς πάσης ὁ καρπὸς πινόμενος καὶ καταπλασσόμενος ἀρήγει.
βοηθοῦνται δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἐπ’ ἐχεοδήκτων εἰρημένοις καὶ ⟨ἐκ⟩ τινῶν τῶν κοινῶν καὶ καθολικῶν ἀνάλογον τοῖς παρακολουθοῦσιν συμπτώμασιν τοῖς πεπληγμένοις.

On the dryinas.

And the snakes called dryinae abound more around the Hellespont, and they nest in the roots of the oaks, whence they are also called dryinae. And they are foul-smelling, wherefore, even when not being seen, they are recognized where they are; and it is about two cubits in length, and very fat, guarded over its whole body with very rough scales; and in these scales they say that bronze-winged flies nest, and these destroy the snakes. Therefore, in those who have been bitten by these, the following symptoms occur;

A blackening swelling, severe pain, spreading ulceration, delirium, dryness of the body, hiccup, vomiting of bilious matters, retention of urine, loss of voice, deep stupor, trembling, and death with a rattling sound; and for those who have trodden upon it, excoriation of the legs and swellings, and on the whole, death occurs for most by way of necrosis of the bitten parts; and so exceedingly powerful is the venom, that it even harms the treating physicians in their hands. And birthwort being drunk with wine also helps these, and the three-leaved herb, and the root of asphodel being taken in like manner, and the fruit of every oak, being drunk and being applied as a poultice, brings aid. [PHILVMENI DE VENENATIS ANIMALIBVS]

And they are also helped both by the remedies spoken of for those bitten by vipers and some of the common and general remedies in proportion to the symptoms following for those who have been struck.

κς̅. Περὶ κεγχρίνου τοῦ καὶ ἀκοντίου.

Ὁ κεγχρίνης ὄφις κατὰ μέγεθός ἐστι πηχῶν β̅, σχήματι δὲ ἀπὸ πάχους ἐπὶ λεπτὸν ἠγμένος, κατὰ δὲ χρόαν χλωρὸς καὶ μάλιστα κατὰ τὴν κοιλίαν, ὡς κέγχρῳ κατὰ τὸ χρῶμα ὁμοιοῦσθαι, διὸ ⟨καὶ⟩ κεγχρίαν αὐτόν τινες ὠνόμασαν. ἄλλοι δέ φασιν μὴ κατὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸν κεγχρίαν λέγεσθαι, ἀλλ’ ὅτι μάλιστα ἑαυτοῦ ἀλκιμώτερος γίνεται, ὅταν ἡ κέγχρος θάλλῃ. ἐν δὲ τῷ ἀμύνεσθαι ἀκοντίζων ἑαυτὸν προσέρχεται καὶ οὕτω πλήττει, ἔνθεν καὶ ὠνόμασται ἀκοντίας. παρέπεται δὲ τοῖς ὑπὸ τούτου δηχθεῖσιν, ἃ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἐχεοδήκτων, καὶ ἔτι χαλεπώτερα, ὥστε καὶ σηπεδόνας καὶ ἀπόρρευσιν σαρκῶν ἐπακολουθεῖν, καὶ δεινότερον αὐτοῖς τὸν θάνατον ἐπιγίνεσθαι. τὰ δὲ βοηθήματα ὅμοια τοῖς τῶν ἐχεοδήκτων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν ὁμογενῶν τῶν τὰ ὅμοια νοσήματα παρεχόντων.

On the cenchrines, which is also called akontias.

The cenchrines serpent is in size of two cubits, and in shape drawn from thickness to a thin point, and in color green, and especially along the belly, so as to be likened to millet in respect of its color, wherefore some named it cechrias.

And others say that he is not called kenchrias on account of this very thing, but because he becomes especially more powerful than himself when the millet blooms. And in defending himself, darting himself forward he approaches and thus strikes, whence also he has been named akontias. And there follow upon those bitten by this creature the same symptoms as also in the case of those bitten by vipers, and even more severe, so that both putrefactions and shedding of flesh follow, and a more terrible death comes upon them. And the remedies are similar to those for the viper-bitten and for the other kindred creatures which present similar afflictions.

κζ̅. Ἀμφίσβαινα καὶ σκυτάλη.

Ταῦτα τὰ ζῷα ὅμοιά ἐστιν ἀλλήλοις· οὐ γὰρ ἐκ πάχους ἐπὶ μείουρον ἧκται, ἀλλ’ ἰσοπαχῆ ἐστιν, ὡς μὴ νοεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ὁρώντων, κατὰ ποῖον μέρος ἐστὶν ἡ κεφαλὴ καὶ ⟨κατὰ⟩ ποῖον ἡ οὐρά. μόνον δὲ διαφέρει τῆς σκυτάλης ἡ ἀμφίσβαινα τῷ κατὰ ἀμφότερα τὰ μέρη βαίνειν, παρὸ καὶ ἀμφίσβαινα κέκληται. συμβαίνει δὲ τοῖς ὑπὸ τούτων πληγεῖσιν τὸ μὲν δῆγμα ⟨ἀ⟩μυδρὸν ὁρᾶσθαι, ὡς ἂν ἀπὸ μυίας κέντημα, δακόντα δὲ οὐκ ἀναιρεῖ, φλεγμονὰς δὲ [οὐ] μόνον ἐπιφέρει, ὡς ἐπὶ σφηκῶν καὶ μελισσῶν, ὅθεν.

Μεταγέσθω καὶ ἐπὶ τούτων τὰ αὐτὰ βοηθήματα, καὶ ἔτι τὰ ἐπὶ χερσύδρου εἰρημένα. παρὰ δὲ Σωρανῷ ἱστορεῖται ἡ Χαλκηδονικὴ σκυτάλη ὅμοια συμπτώματα παρέχουσα τοῖς δηχθεῖσιν ὑπὸ ἐχίδνης παρακολουθοῦντα, διὸ καὶ τοῖς αὐτοῖς βοηθήμασιν χρηστέον. καὶ καθ’ ὅλου ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν ἐπὶ παντὸς θηριοδήκτου τῶν κατωνομασμένων εἰδῶν τὰ πρὸς ἐχεοδήκτους ἁρμόζει βοηθήματα, ὡς ἂν καθ’ ὅλου ὄντα πρὸς παντὸς ἰοβόλου πληγὴν εὐάρμοστα.

Amphisbaena and scytale.

These animals are similar to one another; for they have not been extended from thickness to a tapered end, but are of equal thickness, so that it is not perceived by those who see them at which part is the head and at which is the tail. And the amphisbaena differs from the scytale only in moving in both directions, wherefore also it has been called amphisbaena.

And it happens to those struck by these that, on the one hand, the bite is seen to be ⟨faint⟩, as if a sting from a fly, and having bitten it does not kill, but on the other hand it brings on [not] only inflammations, as in the case of wasps and bees, whence. Let the same remedies be transferred also to these cases, and furthermore those spoken of in the case of the land-asp. And in Soranus it is recorded that the Chalcedonian scytale presents symptoms similar to those that follow those bitten by a viper, wherefore also the same remedies must be used. And to speak generally and simply, in the case of every person bitten by a beast of the aforementioned species, the remedies against viper-bites are suitable, as being generally well-suited against the blow of every venomous creature.

κη΄. Πελιὰς καὶ ἔλοψ.

τὰ μὲν σημεῖα τούτων τῶν ζῴων παρὰ τοῖς θηριακοῖς οὐχ ηὗρον, τὰ δὲ παρακολουθοῦντα τοῖς ὑπ’ αὐτῶν πεπληγμένοις καὶ τὰς θεραπείας, ἃς ηὗρον, ἀναγράψομαι. τοῖς τοίνυν ὑπὸ τῆς πελιάδος δηχθεῖσιν συμβαίνει πόνος περὶ τὸν τόπον καὶ σηπεδὼν ἀκίνδυνος, καὶ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν περιωδυνία καὶ ἀμαύρωσις ἐκ τοῦ τὸν ἰὸν ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς ἀναδίδοσθαι. θεραπεύονται δὲ οὔρῳ μὲν σαπρῷ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐγχυματιζόμενοι ἢ ἅλμῃ, ἢ οὔρῳ ἀφθόρου παιδὸς καταντλεῖν αὐτῶν τὴν κεφαλὴν καὶ ἐγχυματίζειν τὰ ὄμματα, ἢ καὶ ὀποβάλσαμον μετὰ μέλιτος Ἀττικοῦ ἢ καὶ εὐφόρβιον ὁμοῦ μίξας ἔγχριε. εὐθετεῖ δὲ ἐπὶ τούτων καὶ τὰ δριμέα κολλύρια τὰ ὀξυδερκικὰ ὑπαλειφόμενα· ἀμύσσοντα γὰρ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἀραιοῖ τοὺς πόρους, καὶ ἅμα τῇ δακρυρροίᾳ ὁ ἰὸς ἐκκρίνεται. ὅταν δὲ λήξωσιν οἱ ἐν βάθει πόνοι, μόνη δὲ περὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμὺς ἡ ὀδύνη ᾖ, τότε μεταβαίνειν δεῖ ἐπὶ τὰ ἁπαλὰ καὶ ἀνώδυνα κολλύρια· προπότιζε δὲ τούτους τὸν τῆς πτισάνης χυλὸν μετ’ ἐλαίου. τοῖς δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἔλοπος δηχθεῖσιν παρακολουθεῖ στρόφος εἰλεώδης· θεραπεύονται δὲ οἱ ὑπὸ τοῦτο δηχθέντες τοῖς κοινοῖς βοηθήμασιν, καὶ μάλιστα τοῖς διουρητικοῖς καὶ παρηγορικοῖς τῶν στρόφων.

Pelias and elops.

The signs indeed of these animals I did not find among the writers on venomous beasts, but the symptoms following those struck by them and the treatments, which I found, I shall record. To those, therefore, bitten by the pelias, there occurs pain around the place and a non-dangerous putrefaction, and extreme pain of the eyes and dimness of vision from the venom being carried up to them.

And they are treated, on the one hand, by being infused in the eyes with putrid urine or with brine, or by drenching their head with the urine of an undefiled child and infusing the eyes, or also, having mixed together opobalsamum with Attic honey or also euphorbium, anoint them. And useful in these cases are also the pungent, vision-sharpening collyria when applied underneath; for, by scratching the eyes, they make the pores porous, and together with the flow of tears the venom is excreted. And when the deep-seated pains cease, and only the pain around the eyes remains, then it is necessary to transition to the mild and pain-relieving collyria; and give these patients to drink beforehand the juice of barley-gruel with oil. And those bitten by the elops are accompanied by an ileus-like colic; and those bitten by this beast are treated with the common remedies, and especially with those that are diuretic and soothing of the colics.

κθ΄. Ἀγαθοδαίμων καὶ τυφλίας. καὶ τούτων ὁμοίως τὰ σημεῖα οὐ παράκειται τῆς ἰδέας παρὰ τοῖς θηριακοῖς. τὰ δὲ παρακολουθοῦντα τοῖς πεπληγόσιν ἐστὶ τάδε· τοῖς μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀγαθοδαίμονος ὀδύνη κατ’ ἰδίαν, τοῖς δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ τυφλίου ὀδύνη μετὰ πυρώσεως· διὸ καὶ θεραπεύεσθαι ὀφείλουσιν τοῖς ἀναλόγοις βοηθήμασιν.

Agathodaemon and typhlias.

And likewise of these, the signs of their appearance are not set down by the writers on venomous beasts. And the symptoms accompanying those who have been struck are these:

For those indeed [bitten] by the agathodaemon, there is pain on its own, while for those [bitten] by the typhlias, pain accompanied by burning; wherefore also they ought to be treated with the corresponding remedies.

λ΄. Δράκων. τὸ ζῷον τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστιν μὲν ἰοβόλον, ἀλκῇ δὲ καὶ δυνάμει ἀναιρεῖ. πλεονάζουσιν μὲν οὖν οἱ δράκοντες ἐν τῇ Αἰθιοπίᾳ καὶ ἐν τῇ...

Λυκίᾳ, τῷ δὲ χρώματι διαφέρουσιν· οἱ μὲν γὰρ αὐτῶν εἰσι μέλανες, οἱ δὲ κιρροί, οἱ δὲ τεφρώδεις· μεγέθει δὲ πάλιν κατὰ πολὺ διαφέρουσιν· οἱ μὲν γάρ εἰσιν πήχεων πέντε, οἱ δὲ δέκα, οἱ δὲ δέκα πέντε, οἱ δὲ εἴκοσιν, οἱ δὲ τριάκοντα, ἱστοροῦνται δὲ καὶ μείζονες. φολίσιν δὲ κέχρηνται καθ’ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα, μεγάλους δὲ ἔχουσι τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς, καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτους δὲ ἔχουσιν ἐξοχάς τινας, ἐοικυίας ἐπισκυνίοις, ὑπὸ δὲ τῷ γενείῳ ἀπόφυσίν τινα ἔχουσιν, ἣν καλοῦσιν πώγωνα. τὰ δὲ τῶν στομάτων διαστήματα μεγάλα, προπετὴς γλῶσσα, ὀδόντες μεγάλοι, ἐοικότες τοῖς τῶν ἀγρίων ὑῶν· ἔνθα δὲ ἂν δάκωσιν, κατάγματα ἀπεργάζονται. αἱ γοῦν θεραπεῖαι ὡς ἀπὸ τραύματος ἐπιτελείσθωσαν καὶ οὐχ ὡς ἀπὸ ἰοβόλου ζῴου.

Dragon.

This animal is indeed not venomous, but by strength and power it kills. Now, dragons are abundant indeed in Ethiopia and in... Lycia, and they differ in color; for some of them are black, others tawny, and others ash-colored; and again, in size they differ greatly; for some are of five cubits, others of ten, others of fifteen, others of twenty, others of thirty, and even larger ones are recorded. And they have scales over the whole body, and they have large eyes, and above these they have certain projections, resembling brows, and under the chin they have a certain outgrowth, which they call a beard. And the openings of their mouths are large, the tongue protruding, the teeth large, resembling those of wild boars; and wherever they bite, they produce fractures. Let the treatments, at any rate, be performed as if from a wound and not as if from a venomous animal.

λαʹ Βασιλίσκος.

τὸ ζῷον τοῦτό ἐστι μὲν μεγέθει παλαιστῶν τριῶν, ὀξυκέφαλον δὲ καὶ κατὰ χρόαν ξανθόν. δύναμιν δὲ ἔχει μεγίστην ὑπὲρ τὰ ἄλλα ἑρπετὰ πάντα, ὡς μηδὲ ἓν αὐτοῦ τὸν συριγμὸν ὑπομένειν, ἀλλὰ κἂν εἰς τροφὴν ἢ ποτόν τινα τῶν ζῴων ἐπείγηται καὶ αἴσθηται τῆς τοῦ θηρίου περὶ τὸν τόπον παρουσίας, πάλιν πορεύεται καὶ ἀναχωρεῖ, ὅθεν καὶ ἐλήλυθεν, μηδὲ τῆς ἀναγκαίας πρὸς ζωὴν τροφῆς φροντίσαντα· τηλικαύτην ἔχει δύναμιν. τοῖς δὲ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ δηχθεῖσιν συμβαίνει φλόγωσις ὅλου τοῦ σώματος καὶ πελίωσις ὑπὸ τῆς ὑπερκαύσεως τοῦ ἰοῦ· ἀπορρέουσιν δὲ αἱ τρίχες ἀπὸ τοῦ σώματος, ὡς μηδὲ ζωῆς τὸν τυχόντα χρόνον ἔχειν τὸν ὑπὸ τούτου πληγέντα, ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδὲ τοῦ σώματος τοῦ ὑ' αὐτοῦ θανόντος οὐδὲ ἓν σαρκοφάγον θιγγάνει. εἰ δέ τι τούτου ὑπὸ λιμῷ ἐγεύσατο, αὐτόθι καὶ αὐτῷ ὁ θάνατος ἐπισκήπτει, ὅθεν μάταιον καὶ περισσὸν ἡγούμεθα βοηθήματα ἀναγράφειν, οὐδενὸς τὸ καθ' ὅλου σῴζεσθαι δυναμένου τῶν ὑπὸ τούτου πεπληγμένων. [ὡς] Ἐρασίστρατος δέ φησι καστορίου < γ̅ > πινομένας σὺν οἴνῳ βοηθεῖν, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ τὸν τῆς μήκωνος ὀπόν.

Basilisk.

This animal is, on the one hand, three palms in size, and sharp-headed and yellow in color. And it has the greatest power beyond all the other reptiles, so that not even one endures its hissing, but even if any of the animals is hastening toward food or drink and perceives the presence of the beast around the place, it travels back and retreats, whence indeed it has come, not even having cared for the food necessary for life; such great power it has.
And to those bitten by it there happens inflammation of the whole body and lividness from the extreme burning of the venom; and the hairs fall off from the body, so that the one struck by this does not even have any ordinary span of life, nay indeed, not even one flesh-eating animal touches the body of the one having died by it.
And if any [creature] has tasted of this under [the influence of] hunger, on the very spot and for it also death falls upon [it], wherefore we deem it vain and superfluous to write down remedies, since no one at all of those struck by this is able to be saved. [ὡς] Erasistratus, however, says that < 3 > [drachms] of castor drunk with wine help, and likewise also the juice of the poppy.

λβʹ Πάρωος καὶ σπαθίουρος καὶ σκολόπενδρα.

ὁ πάρωος ὄφις <ἐν τοῖς> κατὰ τὴν Συρίαν τόποις εὑρίσκεται. οὗτοι δὲ χρώματι <οἱ> μέν εἰσι χαλκίζοντες, <οἱ δὲ μελανίζοντες, οὐκ ἀναιροῦσι δὲ δακόντες>, ἀλλ' ὡς ἡ ἀμφίσβαινα <καὶ> ἡ σκυτάλη, οὕτως καὶ οὗτος πλήξας φλεγμονὰς μόνον ἐπάγει, διὸ καὶ τοῖς αὐτοῖς θεραπευέσθωσαν οἱ ὑπὸ τούτου πληγέντες. ὁ δὲ σπαθίουρος ἐν τοῖς κατὰ τὴν Χαλκίτιδα τόποις <εὑρίσκεται>. ἔστι δὲ τὸ ζῷον ἐκ πάχους ἐπὶ λεπτὸν ἠγμένον ἐπὶ τὴν οὐράν, πλατυκέφαλον δέ· ἔστι δὲ μυσὶ ἔχθιστον. οὐκ ἀναιρεῖ δὲ οὐδὲ οὗτος δάκνων, ἀλλὰ μόνον φλεγμονὰς ἐπιφέρει· διὸ καὶ οἱ ὑ' αὐτοῦ πληγέντες τοῖς ὁμοίοις θεραπευέσθωσαν. Τοῖς δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς σκολοπένδρης δεδηγμένοις παρακολουθεῖ κνησμός, οἴδημα μέτριον, πόνος λυόμενος συντόμως· διὸ καὶ αὐτοὶ τοῖς κοινοῖς βοηθοῦνται φαρμάκοις. Ἀπολλώνιος δὲ ἐν τοῖς Εὐπορίστοις παραινεῖ ὀξάλμη δριμείᾳ θερμῇ καταντλεῖν τοὺς τόπους καὶ καταπλάσσειν ἁλὶ λείῳ μετ’ ὄξους.

The parōos and the spathiouros and the scolopendra.

The parōos serpent is found places throughout Syria. And these in color, indeed are coppery, , but just as the amphisbaena the scytale, so also this one, having struck, brings on only inflammations, wherefore also let those struck by this be treated with the same [remedies]. And the spathiouros in the places throughout Chalcitis. And the animal is one drawn from thickness to thinness toward the tail, and flat-headed; and it is most hostile to mice. And neither does this one kill when biting, but brings on only inflammations; wherefore also let those struck by it be treated with similar [remedies]. And for those bitten by the scolopendra there follows itching, moderate swelling, pain being resolved quickly; wherefore they also are helped by the common remedies. And Apollonius in the Easily Procured Remedies advises to douse the places with hot, sharp brine and to plaster them with smooth salt with vinegar.

λγʹ Μυγαλῆ.

〈ἡ〉 μυγαλῆ ἀπεικάζεται μὲν κατὰ τὴν χρόαν τῇ κατοικιδίῳ γαλῇ, κατὰ δὲ τὸ μέγεθος μυί, ὅθεν καὶ σύνθετον τὸ ὄνομα ἔχει. 〈ἔστι δὲ〉 τῇ χρόᾳ τεφρώδης, στόμα ἔχει ἐπίμηκες, λεπτῇ καὶ κολοβῇ οὐρᾷ 〈κέχρηται〉· ὀδόντας 〈δὲ〉 λεπτοὺς ἔχει, καὶ τούτους ἐν διστοιχίᾳ καθ’ ἑκατέραν [δὲ] γένυν, ὡς εἶναι τετραστιχίαν ὀδόντων. τοῖς οὖν ὑπ’ αὐτῆς δηχθεῖσιν αἱ τρώσεις ἐμφανεῖς γίγνονται — τεσσάρων γὰρ στίχων τρώσεις ὁραθήσονται — αἷμά τε ἐκκρίνεται 〈πρῶτον καθαρόν〉, μετ’ ὀλίγον δὲ ἰχωρῶδες· τὸ γὰρ ζῷον σήψει κτείνει. εἰώθασι δὲ καὶ φλύκταιναι ἐπανίστασθαι, ἃς εἴ τις ἀποσύροι, ὄψεται τὴν ὑποκειμένην σάρκα τρυγώδη τε καὶ κατερρηγυῖαν· παρακολουθεῖ δὲ τοῖς πεπληγμένοις καὶ ἐμπνευμάτωσις. Στράτων δέ — προιστορεῖ μὲν γὰρ τὰ προειρημένα περὶ τοῦ ζῴου καὶ τῶν ὑπὸ τούτου πληγέντων — ἔφη δέ, ὡς μᾶλλον τὸ ζῷον περὶ τοὺς διδύμους ἐφάλλεται οὐ μόνον ἀνθρώποις, ἀλλὰ καὶ παντὶ ζῴῳ. βοηθοῦνται δὲ καὶ οὗτοι, ἐπειδὴ καὶ σήψει κινδυνεύουσιν, μετὰ τὰ κοινὰ βοηθήματα οὕτως· δάφνης 〈τὰ〉 ἁπαλὰ φύλλα σὺν οἴνῳ ἐκλεανθέντα δίδου πιεῖν, καὶ λίαν ὠφελεῖ· ἢ ἀβρότονον καθεψηθὲν δι’

οἴνου πότιζε, καὶ ἕρπυλλον καὶ εὔζωμον ὁμοίως, καὶ χαλβάνην διείς οἴνῳ πότιζε, καὶ κυπαρίσσου τὰ ἁπαλὰ σφαιρία μετ’ ὄξους, καὶ κυκλάμινον μετ’ ὀξυμέλιτος, καὶ πύρεθρον σὺν οἴνῳ. Ἀπολλώνιος δὲ ἐν τοῖς Εὐπορίστοις παραινεῖ· σκόροδα τρίψας σὺν τοῖς λεπίσμασιν καὶ κυμίνου τὸ ἴσον διείς ἐλαίῳ κατάπλασσε τὰ δήγματα καὶ συνάλειφε τοὺς κύκλῳ τόπους. ἐὰν δ’ ἐκραγῇ καὶ ἑλκωθῇ, [ἢ] ὀξάλμη κατάντλει καὶ κριθὰς καύσας ἐπίπασσε ‹ἐπὶ› τὰ ἕλκη· οὐκ ἐκραγήσεται δέ, φησίν, ἐὰν μὴ κύουσα τυγχάνῃ ἡ δακοῦσα μυγαλή. ἐπὰν δὲ ἑλκωθῇ, σίδια ἑφθὰ ῥόας γλυκείας κατάπλασσε, καὶ μυρσίνης ἀποζέματι καταντλητέον, καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς πρὸς νομὰς χρηστέον. ὠφελεῖ δὲ καὶ χαλβάνης σπληνίον ἐπιτεθὲν κατὰ τοῦ δήγματος, καὶ κρίθινον ἄλευρον μετ’ ὀξυμέλιτος καταπλασθέν, καὶ αὐτὴ δὲ ἡ δακοῦσα μυγαλῆ ἀναπτυχθεῖσα καὶ ἐπιτιθεμένη τῆς ἰδίας πληγῆς ἀντιφάρμακόν ἐστι, καὶ πύρεθρον δὲ ἐπιπασσόμενον τῷ τραύματι.

Ἀρχιγένης δὲ ἐν τοῖς Κατὰ γένος αὐτοῦ τῶν φαρμάκων βιβλίοις φησί· τοῖς δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς μυγαλῆς δηχθεῖσιν παρέπεται πόνος σφυγματώδης, ἐρύθημα καθ’ ἕκαστον ὀδόντος κέντημα, ἔτι μὴν καὶ φλύκταιναι πλήρεις ἰχώρων, ἐκκρίσεις τε ἰχωρώδεις, ἀποδαρεῖσης δὲ τέλεον τῆς φλυκτίδος λευκὴ ἡ ὑποκειμένη σὰρξ φαίνεται κατ’ αὐτὸ τὸ ἕλκος· τοῦτο δὲ ἀναξαινόμενον εἰς ὑμένας νευρώδεις ἀναλύεται, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ἐνίοτε σηπόμενά ‹τινα› ἐκπίπτει. βοηθοῦνται δὲ οἱ δηχθέντες εὐθέως αὐτὴν τὴν μυγαλήν ‹ἐν› οἴνῳ τετριμμένην πίνοντες ἢ πράσιον ἢ εὔζωμον ἢ κνῆκον ἥμερον ἢ σισύμβριον ἢ ἀβρότονον, ἢ τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς ἐπὶ τῶν ὁμοίων εἰρημένοις.

Shrew-mouse.

〈The〉 shrew-mouse is compared on the one hand in respect to its color to the domestic weasel, and on the other hand in respect to its size to a mouse, whence also it has its compound name. 〈And it is〉 ash-colored in its color, it has an elongated mouth, 〈it uses〉 a thin and docked tail; and 〈and〉 it has thin teeth, and these in a double row along each [and] jaw, so that there is a fourfold row of teeth. Therefore, for those bitten by it, the wounds become visible — for wounds of four rows will be seen — and blood is secreted 〈first pure〉, but after a little while ichorous; for the animal kills by putrefaction. And pustules also are accustomed to arise, which if anyone should strip away, he will see the underlying flesh both dreg-like and ruptured; and there follows for those who have been struck also inflation.

And Straton — for on the one hand he relates beforehand the things said before concerning the animal and those struck by it — said, however, that the animal leaps rather upon the testicles, not only of humans, but also of every animal. And these also are helped, since indeed they are in danger of putrefaction, after the common remedies, thus: give to drink 〈the〉 tender leaves of laurel thoroughly ground with wine, and it benefits exceedingly; or give to drink southernwood boiled down in wine, and tufted thyme and rocket likewise, and give to drink galbanum dissolved in wine, and the tender little cones of cypress with vinegar, and cyclamen with oxymel, and pellitory with wine. And Apollonius in the Easily Procurable Remedies advises: having ground garlic with the husks and an equal amount of cumin, having dissolved them in oil, plaster the bites and anoint as well the surrounding places. But if it should break out and become ulcerated, [or] pour over with sour brine and, having burnt barley, sprinkle [it] ‹upon› the ulcers; and it will not break out, he says, unless the biting shrew-mouse happens to be pregnant.

And whenever it becomes ulcerated, apply as a plaster boiled peels of sweet pomegranate, and one must douse it with a decoction of myrtle, and one must employ all the remedies against spreading ulcers. And a compress of galbanum applied over the bite also benefits, as well as barley meal applied as a plaster with oxymel, and indeed the biting shrew-mouse itself, split open and applied, is an antidote for its own wound, and also pellitory sprinkled upon the wound. And Archigenes, in his books On Drugs according to Genus, says: for those bitten by the shrew-mouse, there follows a throbbing pain, redness at each puncture of a tooth, furthermore also blisters full of ichors, and ichorous discharges, and when the blister is completely flayed, the underlying flesh appears white at the ulcer itself; and this, when scratched open, is resolved into sinewy membranes, and in addition to these, sometimes ‹certain› putrefying parts fall away. And those who have been bitten are immediately helped by drinking the shrew-mouse itself ground up ‹in› wine, or horehound, or rocket, or cultivated safflower, or water-mint, or southernwood, or the other remedies spoken of for similar cases.

λδʹ Χαλκιδικὴ σαῦρα καὶ σαλαμάνδρα.

τοῖς δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς Χαλκιδικῆς σαύρας πληγεῖσιν, ὡς ἐν τοῖς Cωρανοῦ ηὗρον, φησί, ἅμα τῷ δηχθῆναι συμβαίνει οἴδημα διαφανὲς ὥσπερ ἐκ λαμπτῆρος, μελανία τε περὶ τὸ μέρος καὶ σῆψις· διὸ καὶ τούτους θεραπευτέον τοῖς ἐπὶ μυγαλῆς εἰρημένοις. τοῖς δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς σαλαμάνδρας πεπληγμένοις συμβαίνει περι...

ὠδυνία σφοδρὰ καὶ ἐσχάρωσις. καὶ ἐπὶ τούτων δὲ ἡ ἐπιμέλεια τοῖς ἐπακολουθοῦσιν συμπτώμασιν ⟨ἀνάλογος⟩.

34.Chalcidian lizard and salamander.

And for those struck by the Chalcidian lizard, as, he says, I found in the works of Soranus, at the very moment of being bitten there occurs a transparent swelling just as from a lantern, and a blackening around the part and putrefaction; wherefore these also must be treated with the remedies mentioned for the shrew-mouse. And for those struck by the salamander there occurs peri... severe pain and eschar formation. And in the case of these also, the treatment is ⟨analogous⟩ to the ensuing symptoms.

λε̄ τετράγναθα ζῷα καὶ ἀράχναι.

τῶν τετραγνάθων εἴδη εἰσὶ δύο, ὧν ἓν μέν ἐστιν ὑπόπλατυ καὶ ὑπόλευκον, πόδας ἔχον τραχεῖς, κατὰ δὲ τὴν κεφαλὴν δύο ἔχον ἐκφύσεις, μίαν εὐθεῖαν καὶ μίαν πλαγίαν, ὥστε στοχάζεσθαι στόματα ⟨μὲν⟩ ἔχειν δύο, γνάθους δὲ τέσσαρας. τὸ δὲ ἕτερον, ὡς παρωμοίωσαν οἱ θηριακοί, ἴσην γραμμὴν καὶ ὁμοίαν ἔχει κατὰ τὸ στόμα, ὡς ὁρᾶσθαι στόματα μὲν δύο, γνάθους δὲ τέσσαρας. τοῖς δὲ ὑπὸ τούτων πεπληγμένοις, ὥς φησιν Ἀρχιγένης ἐν τοῖς Κατὰ γένος φαρμάκων, κοινῶς μὲν παρακολουθεῖ ταὐτά, καθάπερ καὶ ἐπὶ σκορπίων, ἴδια δὲ τὰ τοιαῦτα· ⟨τὸ⟩ τὴν πληγὴν ἀλγεῖν συντόνως, ὑπολευκανθίζειν τὸν περὶ τὴν πληγὴν τόπον, ἀγρυπνεῖν, πρόσωπον καὶ κεφαλὴν οἰδεῖν, ἰχναίνεσθαι δὲ μέχρι τῶν ἄρθρων τὰ πεπληγότα μέρη, ἀτροφεῖν δὲ καὶ ὑγιασθέντα. βοηθοῦνται δὲ καλαμίνθῃ ἢ τριφύλλῳ ἢ πηγάνῳ ἢ πάνακι ἢ πολίῳ ποτιζόμενοι, καὶ τοῖς ἐπὶ φαλαγγιοδήκτων εἰρημένοις· ἔστι γὰρ καὶ ταῦτα φαλαγγίων εἴδη.

περὶ ἀραχνῶν· ἔστιν δέ τι καὶ ἀραχνῶν γένος, ὃ πλῆξαν συντόνους πόνους φέρει περὶ μέσον τὸ ὑποχόνδριον ⟨καὶ⟩ ἐρύθημα καὶ δυσουρίαν, ἐνίοτε δὲ καὶ πνιγμόν. βοηθοῦνται δὲ καὶ οἱ ὑπὸ τούτων πληγέντες, κύμινον ἄγριον Θηβαϊκὸν ἢ ἄγνου σπέρμα ἢ λεύκης τὰ φύλλα ποτιζόμενοι, ἢ σκόροδα πλείονα προσφερόμενοι καὶ οἶνον ἐπιρροφοῦντες ἄκρατον. καὶ ὁ Ἀπολλώνιος ἐν τοῖς Εὐπορίστοις τὰ αὐτὰ σχεδὸν ἡμῖν παραδίδωσιν, μετὰ τῶν σιτίων σκόροδα παραινῶν δίδοσθαι, καὶ τοῦ κυμίνου μετὰ ἴσης ἄγνου σὺν οἴνῳ ἀκράτῳ.

Four-jawed creatures and spiders.

Of the four-jawed creatures there are two kinds, of which one indeed is somewhat flat and whitish, having rough feet, and at the head having two outgrowths, one straight and one oblique, so that it is conjectured that it has ⟨indeed⟩ two mouths, and four jaws. And the other, as the venom-experts have compared it, has an equal and similar line at the mouth, so that there are seen two mouths indeed, and four jaws. And for those struck by these, as Archigenes says in his According to the Kind of Drugs, generally indeed the same symptoms follow, just as also in the case of scorpions, but the specific symptoms are as follows:

⟨The⟩ suffering intense pain at the wound, the area around the wound becoming somewhat whitish, being sleepless, the face and head swelling, and the stricken parts becoming emaciated as far as the joints, and wasting away even after being healed. And they are helped by being given a draught of calamint, or trefoil, or rue, or all-heal, or hulwort, and by the remedies mentioned for those bitten by venomous spiders; for these too are species of venomous spiders. Concerningspiders: And there is also a certain kind of spider, which, having bitten, brings intense pains around the middle of the hypochondrium ⟨and⟩ redness and difficulty in urinating, and sometimes even suffocation. And those bitten by these are also helped by being given a draught of wild Theban cumin, or seed of the chaste-tree, or the leaves of the white poplar, or by consuming a larger amount of garlic and washing it down with unmixed wine. And Apollonius in the Euporista hands down to us nearly the same things, advising that garlic be given with food, and of the cumin with an equal amount of chaste-tree with unmixed wine.
λ̅ς̅. Φρῦνος.

Ὁ δὲ Θεόδωρος ἐν τῷ ο̅ς̅ αὑτοῦ συγγράμματι περὶ φρύνου τῆς τε ἰδέας καὶ τῆς φύσεως ἡμῖν ἐξηγούμενος οὕτως λέγει· ὁ φρῦνος βατράχου εἶδος εἶναί μοι δοκεῖ, ὑδρόβιον δὲ τὸ ζῷον καὶ ἐκ τῆς λιμνοβίου φύσεως μεταβεβληκὸς ἐπὶ τὸ χερσόβιον. φρῦνος δὲ προσαγορεύεται ἐμφερῶς τῷ χερσύδρῳ, δυσαλθῆ δὲ τὴν κάκωσιν παρέχει τοῖς ἐντυγχάνουσιν· ἔστι γὰρ τὸ ζῷον ἐπιμέγεθες, ὡς μηδὲν ἀποδεῖν βραχείας χελώνης, τραχύνεταί τε τὰ νῶτα καὶ πολὺ ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ πνεύματος ἐμπλήσει διοιδεῖ. τολμηρότερον δὲ ἀμύνεται πρὸς τὸ ἄντικρυς καὶ τοῖς πηδήμασιν τὸ μεταξύ συναίρει διάστημα, σπανίως δὲ δήγμασιν χρῆται. ἆσθμα δὲ πέφυκεν ἰῶδες ἐμποιεῖν σφόδρα, ὡς κἂν μόνον προσθίγῃ τῷ ἄσθματι, βλάπτειν τοὺς πλησίον γινομένους. πλείονα δὲ περὶ τοῦ ζῴου ἱστορούμενα παραπέμπομαι, ὡς μόνα τὰ χρησιμώτερα παραθέσθαι σπουδάζων. παρακολουθεῖ δὲ τοῖς ὑπὸ τούτου πεπληγμένοις οἴδημα ὅλου τοῦ σώματος καὶ κατάρρηξις καὶ σύντομος ἀπώλεια. τὰ οὖν ἁρμόζοντα τούτοις βοηθήματα προσενεκτέον ἐκ τῶν παραδεδομένων, λέγω δὴ τῶν καθολικῶν καὶ κοινῶν ἀντιδότων καὶ τῆς ἄλλης ἀκολούθου διαίτης.

Toad.

And Theodorus, in the 76th book of his treatise, explaining to us both the appearance and the nature of the toad, speaks thus:

The toad seems to me to be a species of frog, and the animal is water-dwelling and having changed from its lake-dwelling nature to the land-dwelling one. And it is called "phrynos" similarly to the land-hydra, and it inflicts a hard-to-heal injury upon those who encounter it; for the animal is very large, so as to fall nothing short of a small tortoise, and its back is roughened and it swells up greatly upon the filling of its breath. And it defends itself more boldly against that which is directly opposite, and by its leaps it contracts the intervening distance, and it rarely employs bites. And it is of a nature to produce a highly venomous breath, so that even if one only touches the breath, it harms those who come near. And I pass over the more numerous things recorded about the animal, as being eager to set forth only the more useful things. And there follows upon those struck by this animal a swelling of the whole body and collapse and swift destruction. Therefore, one must apply the remedies fitting for these from among those handed down, I mean indeed the universal and common antidotes and the rest of the consequent regimen.

λ̅ζ̅. Τρυγὼν θαλασσία καὶ σμύραινα.

Τοῖς δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς τρυγόνος θαλασσίας πληγεῖσι συμβαίνει μὲν προφανῆ εἶναι τὴν τρῶσιν, ἄλγημα δὲ συνεδρεύει παραχρῆμα σύντονον, καὶ ἀπονάρκωσις ὅλου τοῦ σώματος καὶ σῆψις, καὶ θάνατος σύντομος. ἱστοροῦσιν δέ τινες ὡς εἴ τις τὸ κέντρον τῆς τρυγόνος τὸ πλῆξαν ἀφελὼν καὶ ἐπὶ δένδρον καταπήξοι, μάλιστα μὲν δρύινον, αὐτὸ μὲν τὸ δένδρον ξηρανθήσεται, ὁ δὲ πάσχων ἀπαλλαγήσεται κατὰ τὸν τῆς ἀντιπαθείας λόγον. βοηθοῦνται δὲ οἱ ὑπ’ αὐτῆς πληγέντες, ἐπειδὴ ψῦξις καὶ νάρκη ὅλου τοῦ σώματος παρακολουθεῖ, τοῖς θερμαίνουσιν συγχρίσμασιν καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις καταπλάσμασι τοῖς κοινοῖς. ἰδίως δὲ ἐπὶ τούτων τὰ πίτυρα συνεψηθέντα μετ’ ὄξους καὶ καταπλασθέντα ὠφελεῖ, καὶ αὐτὸ δὲ τὸ ὄξος βοηθεῖ λίαν. κατ’ ἰδίαν δὲ ὃ παραδίδωσιν ἡμῖν ὁ Στράτων ἐν τοῖς αὑτοῦ συγγράμμασίν ἐστι τόδε· κατάπλασσε δέ, φησὶν οὗτος, δάφνης φύλλοις λελεασμένοις, καὶ τὸ ἀφέψημα δὲ τῆς δάφνης μετ’ οἴνου δίδου πίνειν, ἢ ὀπὸν Κυρηναϊκὸν μετ’ οἴνου κεκραμένου δίδου πίνειν, ἢ σμύρνη ὁμοίως χρηστέον, ἢ πέπερι μετὰ πηγάνου καὶ σμύρνης συλλεάνας δίδου μετ’ οἴνου ζωροτέρου, ἢ σίλφιον λεάνας μετ’ οἴνου ὁμοίως. τοῖς δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς σμυραίνης πεπληγμένοις συμβαίνει, ἃ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἐχεοδήκτων, διὸ καὶ τῶν ὁμοίων βοηθημάτων τυγχανέτωσαν. ὁ δὲ ᾿Αρχιγένης φησίν· ἐπὶ τῶν θαλασσίων, οἷον τρυγόνος, σμυραίνης, δράκοντος συκῆς ὀποῦ σταλαγμοὺς τέσσαρας ἢ πέντε μετὰ κλωνίων ἑρπύλλου τριῶν ἢ τεσσάρων πότιζε.

Stingray and moray eel.

And to those who have been struck by the marine stingray, it happens on the one hand that the wound is manifest, and on the other hand an intense pain immediately attends, and a numbness of the whole body and putrefaction, and a swift death. And some relate that if someone, having removed the sting of the stingray that struck, should drive it into a tree, especially indeed an oak, the tree itself indeed will be dried up, and the sufferer will be freed according to the principle of antipathy. And those who have been struck by it are helped, since coldness and numbness of the whole body follow, by warming ointments and the other common poultices. And specifically in these cases, bran boiled together with vinegar and applied as a poultice is beneficial, and the vinegar itself indeed helps exceedingly. And in particular, that which Straton delivers to us in his own writings is this:

And plaster [the wound], this [author] says, with ground-up leaves of laurel, and also give the decoction of the laurel with wine to drink, or give Cyrenaic juice with mixed wine to drink, or one must use myrrh in like manner, or having ground up pepper together with rue and myrrh, give it with stronger wine, or having ground up silphium, [give it] with wine likewise. And to those struck by the moray eel, there happen the same things as also in the case of those bitten by vipers, wherefore let them also obtain the same remedies. And Archigenes says: in the case of marine [creatures], such as the stingray, the moray eel, [and] the weever, administer as a drink four or five drops of the juice of a fig tree with three or four sprigs of wild thyme.